Illuminated manuscript

Littered manuscripts, handwritten books decorated with gold and silver, vivid colors, elaborate pictures and miniature pictures. Various Islamic societies also practice this art, but Europe has the longest and perhaps the most developed tradition of lighting manuscripts.

The earliest forms of manuscript paintings include papyrus scrolls of ancient Egyptian death books, classical Greek and Roman scrolls, Aztec's picture maps, Maya and China copies, or manuscripts. European lighting

The next step is easy handling of illuminated manuscripts. For comprehensive treatment, see Western paintings depicting the Western dark ages and the medieval Christian world

The term "illumination" originally was a gold or less noticeable silver handwritten decorated text, giving the impression that the page is literally lit up brightly. In the Middle Ages, when the art reached its peak, specialization of scripts and workplaces is based on "historical" (ie, illustrative texts of related pictures) and "lighted" people (ie decorative works that provided decoration) It was necessary to distinguish. The first capital letters usually float over the edges and boundaries and in most cases take in gold in the form of leaves or powder. These two functions sometimes overlap, especially when galleries and other unrelated connections begin to fill initials and boundaries. Even in the Middle Age, this distinction is often ambiguous. In modern times, this term refers to the illustration and decoration of a general early manuscript with or without gold.

In the great era of illuminated manuscripts, art of illuminators often plays an important role in the development of art. Portability of manuscripts is a simple means to communicate ideas from one region to another and even from one period to another. In general, the development of the picture in the manuscript is parallel to the development of the memorial picture. After the printing was developed in Europe in the late 15th century, the lighting was replaced by a printed illustration. See also scriptorium.

Illuminated manuscripts contain text supplemented by the addition of decorative initials, decorations such as border (end) and miniature illustrations. In the exact definition of the term, the illuminated manuscript represents only manuscripts decorated with gold or silver. However, this term is currently used to refer to Western traditional decorative manuscripts. The earliest surviving quite lighting manuscript originated from 400 to 600 AD originally produced in Italy and the Eastern Roman Empire. The importance of these works is not only to maintain their unique artistic and historical values ​​but also to maintain the culture offered by the unilluminated text. Most of the ancient Greek and Roman literature will disappear in Europe unless manuscripts that are not illuminated or illuminated for the scribe of dawn monks are made.

Art historians classify illuminated manuscripts as historical times and types including but not limited to antiquities, islands, Carol manuscripts, Otto manuscripts, Roman alphabet manuscripts, Gothic manuscripts, and Renaissance manuscripts. There are some examples in the latter period. Types of books are usually heavy and bright, sometimes called "display books". In the first millennium, these are most likely to be Gospels such as Lindis Pastor and Kells. During the Romanesque times, a large number of completed Bibles were created. One was Sweden, three librarians needed to lift it. In the days of Gothic and Gothic, many poems were illuminated in large quantities. Finally, the "book of time", usually a personal spiritual book of wealthy amateurs, is often enriched in the Gothic era. Other books are constantly being illuminated, whether they are etiquette or obscene