Human retinas grown in a dish explain how color vision develops

Biologists at Johns Hopkins University have trained the human retina to detect how cells are made. This research may lead to the development of therapy for the treatment of eye diseases such as color vision abnormality and macular degeneration.

Researchers study the fate of the cell and how to decide what happens in the uterus and the aspects of human biology that transform the developing cells into specific types of cells are almost known not. Thefteam is used for cells to show three conical photoreceptors to people, blue, red and green.

As the cells grew in the laboratory into an intact retina, the team first discovered that cells that detect blue are recognized, then red and green cells are recognized. In both cases, I discovered that the key to molecular switch is the undulation of thyroid hormone.

Hormonal levels are not controlled by the thyroid gland and the thyroid gland is, of course, not in the culture dish, but is completely controlled by the eye itself. Knowing how the amount of thyroid hormone determines whether the cells turn blue or red and green, they only see the blue, green and red retina if they are part of a perfect human eye No retinas can be made

The finding that thyroid hormone is essential for making a red-green cone can provide insight as to why premature infants lower thyroid hormone levels due to lack of mother's supply.

The retina photoreceptor is called a cone, so color perception can be achieved. These conical shapes have light-sensitive pigments that allow us to recognize colors. In the macula (central part of the retina), each cone is sensitive to red, green or blue light. The cone recognizes these lights based on their wavelength. Normally pigments in the pyramid record different colors and send information to the brain through the optic nerve. This makes it possible to distinguish countless tones. However, one or more of the three primary colors can not be seen unless the cone contains more than one photosensitive pigment.

Human color vision depends on three photosensitive proteins present in our retina called opsin. Each kind of opsin absorbs one color of light in the spectrum. In humans, these opsins absorb the red, green, or blue color. The light of many wavelengths reflected by our eyes from the surface of the object around us intermix and provide a rich color. However, despite our extensive visual color, there is a wider range of organisms, cockroaches are classified as insects in this order (suborder: wilder; different feathers) slowly flying hornets (suborder: Zygoptera; double feathers). Cockroaches are characterized by large, multifaceted, or "false eyes" eyes, two pairs of rugged, transparent wings and thin bodies. Interestingly, even if they have six legs (like other insects) they can not walk.

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