How do ions form? What is an example?

When atoms release their electrons or acquire electrons from another atom, ions are formed. For example, Na. The atomic number of Na is 11. That is, the electronic arrangement of Na is as follows.

Na has electronic price. Na tends to release the last electron to form cations (positively charged ions), that is, Na +

Cl has seven electron valences, they require another electron, they have an electron valence like Nobel gas (8, octet rule), Cl tends to get electrons from other atoms is there. When Cl acquires an electron it becomes an anion (negatively charged ion), ie Cl -.

Ion bonds can be inferred from ions. When ions acquire electrons to form negative ions or lose electrons to form positively charged ions, ions are generated. Let's use the elements Cl and Na as an example of ionic bonding. One is positive and the other is negative, since the Cl atom contains seven valence electrons and one Na atom contains it. Therefore, when atoms are bonded, Na loses valence electrons, Cl increases atom and makes its shell intact and more stable.

In ionic bonding, an atom first moves electrons to each other to form ions, and then attaches them to each other by attraction between oppositely charged ions. For example, sodium and chloride form ionic bonds to prepare NaCl or table salt. Chlorine (Cl) has seven valence electrons in its outer orbit, but in order to be in a more stable state, its outer orbit requires eight electrons. On the other hand, sodium has valence electrons, and eight electrons are required to satisfy the electron energy level outside. A more efficient way to obtain a complete outer electron shell for sodium is to "emit" a single electron in its outer casing. Sodium "donates" the monovalent electrons to chlorine and gives them 8 electrons on their shell. The attractive force between the obtained ions Na + and Cl - forms ionic bonds.

A monoatomic ion consists of only one atom. By acquiring or losing electrons, most of the main group elements form ions with an inert gas composition. For example, a Group 1 metal loses one electron and produces a 1+ cation such as Na +. The second group of metals lose two electrons and produce 2+ cations such as Mg 2+. Ions formed by single atoms are called monoatomic ions. The nonmetals of Groups 15, 16 and 17 acquire electrons to form anions. For example, in ionic compounds, nitrogen forms 3-anion N 3 -. Three additional electrons in the nitrogen atom and five outermost electrons give perfect outermost octets. Similarly, oxygen and sulfur of the group 16 element form a 2-anion, and the group 17 halogen forms a 1-anion.