HIV Transmitted from Mother to Child

Innocent children die of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) worldwide. It is often referred to as a sexually transmitted disease, but HIV also spreads from mother to child. HIV is a virus that attacks T cells or CD4 cells. T cells or CD4 cells are white blood cells (Piot and Quinn) necessary for the body to fight infections and diseases. HIV uses these cells to make their own replicas and then destroy them. Over time, HIV attacks many T cells, making it impossible for the body to fight infections and diseases.

HIV is transmitted to mothers during pregnancy, childbirth or breast milk, resulting in HIV infection in infants. This is the third most common way for HIV to spread all over the world. If you do not receive treatment, the risk of transmission before childbirth or birth is about 20%, but the risk of breastfeeding is 35%. As of 2008, vertical infection accounts for about 90% of childhood AIDS. Appropriate treatment will reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission to about 1%. Prophylactic treatment includes pregnant and mother taking antiretroviral drugs during birth, selective caesarean section, avoiding breastfeeding, and taking antiretroviral drugs in newborns. As mothers and babies take anti-retroviral drugs, they reduce the risk of infection by lactating people. However, there are not many of these measures in developing countries.

Epidemiology of HIV is transmitted only in three ways: unprotected sexual intercourse, homosexuality, homosexuality, blood and blood products, donated semen, organs, or infected mothers to children (vertical or maternal). Spread. More than 70% of infectious diseases are the result of heterosexual infection, and over 90% of child infections are caused by mother-to-child infection. Table 1 shows estimates of regional distribution of HIV infection

In most cases, HIV is a sexually transmitted disease. However, HIV may also be transmitted from mother to child via breastfeeding (during blood or bodily fluid contact) during pregnancy or childbirth. Non-sexual transmission can also occur by sharing a needle-like injection device. On a global scale, the number of AIDS-related deaths has increased dramatically - this is a declining peak. In 1990, the total death toll was estimated at about 290,000 people, which peaked at about 1.9 million in 2005-06. Since then, the total death toll has been reduced to almost half, and in 2016 it has decreased to about 1 million.