HIV Prevention in Africa

An increase in HIV-infected people living with HIV in Africa is inevitable. Increasing evidence that prevention is effective, including initiatives in some of the countries most affected. According to a new study in Zambia, prevention has been successful. According to this study, urban men and women have less sexual activity and fewer partners, the use of condoms is more consistent. This is consistent with a significant reduction in HIV infection among females in urban areas between the ages of 15 and 29 (24.1% in 1999, 28.3% in 1996).

Two studies estimate the cost effectiveness of HIV prevention against male circumcision in Africa. The cost effectiveness of expanding the male circumcision service will depend on a number of factors, including the cost of the operation and avoidance of HIV treatment. In the first study, it was hypothesized that male circumcision is covered completely in Gauteng in South Africa (where randomized controlled trials are conducted), and the rate of HIV infection in adult males is 3.8%. Based on the cost of each circumcision in the $ 47 exam, the authors estimate that 1000 circumcision avoids an estimated 308 (95% CI = 189 - 428) infection within 20 years. The cost to avoid HIV infection is $ 182 each (80% CI = 117 - 306 dollars) each and the net savings is $ 2.4 million (80% CI = 130 million to 36.6 million dollars). The HIV prevalence rate is reduced by 1%, and the cost of HIV infection every time is 551 dollars (80% CI = 344 dollars to 1071 dollars) (186)

Circumcision of men reduces the risk of HIV infection among heterosexuals in sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, the World Health Organization recommends that you circumcise as part of a comprehensive HIV prevention program in the high AIDS area of ​​sub-Saharan Africa. There is also some evidence that circumcision can reduce the risk of HIV infection among men who have sex with men. The effectiveness of circumcision in HIV prevention in developed countries is unknown. Circumcision is associated with a reduction in the incidence of cancer leading to human papilloma virus (HPV), UTI and penile cancer. The prevention of these diseases is not the reason for the infant's routine circumcision. Other sexually transmitted diseases studies show that circumcision is prophylactic. In the 2010 review, the circumcision was done by health care providers, 1.5% for infants, 6% for older children, and the incidence of serious complications was low.