History of the Telegraph

Telegraphy is now an outdated communication system for sending electrical signals via wires from one place to another, which is converted to messages by field personnel. Non-electric telegraph was invented by Claude Chap in 1794. This system is visual, uses semaphore (alphabet based on banner language), and depends on line of sight for communication. After all, this "photoelectric report" was replaced with a telegram. In 1809, Samuel Soemmering invented the original telegram in Bavaria.

In the history of telegraphy developed in the United States and the UK in the 1840s, Standage showed the similarity between that era's innovative technology and today's Internet. Telegraph enables people to communicate on a global scale, change business practices and even achieve cross-border romance. Many people are hoping that speeding communication will stimulate more international harmony. In 1858, the British Ambassador reported that "telegraph, nervousness of international life, communication of knowledge of the case, elimination of the cause of misunderstanding, promotion of peace and harmony around the world". Reality is not so idyllic and people are finding ways to use new form of communication for evil purposes (such as delayed messages and private communications by hackers), but still there are differences. However, the cultural influence of telegrams can not be denied, and Standage discusses its sustained impact in the book.

International communication, the field of knowledge dealing with media issues on a global scale is sometimes called development communication. This field includes the history of Telegraph, Submarine Communication Cable, Short Wave or International Broadcasting, Satellite TV, Worldwide Mass Media Streaming. Today, it includes Internet problems seen from a global perspective and the use of new technologies such as mobile phones. Risk communication began in the United States through laws for implementing environmental cleanup work. The terms "risk communication" and "risk management" were used by William Ruckelshaus, the original administrator of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), originally established in the 20th century. Risk communication in the 1970s includes decision-making risk management, implementation of risks and risks related to existing environment, health, political or social environment.

Telegraphy is useful as a strategic and tactical communication medium, but US Military Telegraph (USMT) has important limitations - it is still a civil society organization. The result is an uneasy hybrid, a telegraphic system useful for the military but not belonging to it. The US Marine Corps built its own thousands of miles of lines connecting military commanders and army troops, which heavily depend on existing commercial telecommunications networks. Telegraph companies continue to process commercial traffic while prioritizing military and government information and are gaining great benefits during wartime. The top ten of the USMT are officers of the Quartermasters, but they retain their civil status as admins of commercial lines. About 1,200 USMT operators and many of the line workers continue to work for commercial telecommunications companies, and the war department only receives partial wages.