Historical and Sociocultural Foundations of PE and Sports

There are various levels of competition in American sports, and each competition has a specific purpose related to its philosophical position. However, I think the overall philosophical tendency of American sports construction is social Darwinism. Social Darwinism is an extension of Charles Darwin's famous natural selection theory. The idea is that the most suitable individual can leave the most descended, which in turn will influence the future direction of a particular species.

Socio-cultural theory (see "Culture - Historical Psychology") (also known as social motivation) emphasizes the effects of activities and actions mediated through social interaction and the social environment. Social and cultural theory represents the transformation of traditional motivational theory and traditional motivational theory is that individual's innate motive or mechanically operated learning is the main determinant of motivation thinking about. Important elements of social and cultural theory applied to motivation include, but are not limited to, the role of social interaction and the contribution of culture-based knowledge and practice. Social and cultural theory extends the social aspect of cognitive evaluation theory and cognitive evaluation theory supports the important role of positive feedback from others during action but requires individuals as an internal trajectory of causality . Social and cultural theory predicts that motivation has an external trajectory of causality and is socially distributed in social groups.

Social Cultural Theory (SCT) shows how personal development relates to cultural, social and historical frameworks. In particular, the main focus of SCT is participation in personal contact and social interaction, and cultural control activities that shape and build intellectual development. SCT thinks learning is a cultural behavior Young children are considered newbies in cultural environments and learning from elders so learning through parents, brothers and sisters, friends is It is formal or informal. The teacher waited to achieve it. This will lead the children to learn about the practices, beliefs and values ​​of the communities they are growing or are in place to become members of the community / group