Heavy Metal Removal in a Constructed Wetland and Benefits for the Development of the Toad Bufo Raddei

Results and Discussion 1 Effect of CW on removal of HM from YR water Table Y shows a summary of the concentration of major pollutants in water samples from YR and CW. The concentration of HM in water from the CW system was that YR was much lower than YR throughout the experiment. The average removal rates (RR) of CW, Cu, Pb and Zn are 86.2%, 61.7%, 82.9% and 76.7% (ie in the order of Cd> Pb> Zn> Cu) This indicates that CW effectively removed HM from YR water. .

Three cockroaches, Bufo bufo, Bufo viridis and Bufo marinus showed more escape and defensive reactions when putting model predators on both sides of the raft. Babina daunchina likes positive or neutral signals like the same type of ad calls and white noise to the right ear, but the left ear prefers negative signals such as predatory attacks. Ceratitis capitata showed no positive difference in aggressive display of left lead population level (boxing, forelimb, and wing attack). Among the ants, the Temnothorax albipennis (rock ant) ​​scout showed a bilateralization of behavior when exploring the unknown nest and showed that it is biased to the left.

Common cockroach species in Central America like Bufo marinus and Bufo valliceps have a fleshy oral cavity and there are obvious cracks in the head like any other cockroach. These alfalfa species are known to have ceremonial and hallucinogenic properties in many cultures in Central America. Skeletal ruins of these species, especially Bufo marinus, have been found in some ruins in Central America, including the Ormec Ritual Center. These alfalfa species have their metamorphic life cycle, their fertility, their hallucination poisons, and symbolic forces inherent in their skin dropouts in particular.

Colombian former Central American people used toxic secretions from sugarcane toads as a hallucinogen, but for a long time they were suspected of being likely to use substances secreted by Bufo alvarius. They contain bifotenin (5 - MeO - DMT), a psychoactive compound that is used contemporaneously as an entertainment drug. Typically, the skin secretion is dried and then smoked. The media reported that they are using illegal drugs on their skin, but this may be a myth of the city.

Some frogs use bluff or fraud. Bufo bufo takes a unique posture when attacked, inflates and lifts the hind limbs, and lowers his head. The bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) rounded his head and closed his eyes, leaning forward when the head was threatened. This places the parotid gland in the most effective position and the other glands of the back exudes harmful secretions and begins to protect the most vulnerable part of the body. Another strategy that some frogs use is "screaming" and suddenly loud noises tend to frighten predators. A gray tree frog (Hyla versicolor) makes an explosive sound, sometimes repelling Blarina brevicauda. Many predators avoid the use of cockroaches, but common garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis) often eat them. The strategy adopted by Bufo americanus with snakes is to stop crouching and not move.