Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a malignant tumor of males and females, which are the eighth and thirteenth most common in the world, most of which are oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) (Warnakulasuriya, 2009). Scully and Bagan, 2009; Nicole et al. , 2010). Because the increase in customs such as chewing tobacco, quinum nuts, kima nuts is the most important risk factor, the highest incidence of OSCC is India. (Facompre et al., 2012).

The majority of head and neck cancers are head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. This is the sixth most common cause of death in the world, the cause of death from the seventh largest cancer. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is a disease involving oral cancer, hypopharyngeal cancer, oropharyngeal cancer and laryngeal cancer. It represents a therapeutically challenging, behaviorally heterogeneous disease. It is thought that it is a complicated disease because environment and hereditary risk factors together become a cause of head and neck cancer. Epidemiological studies indicate that drinking and smoking are the best-known risk factors. High risk human papilloma virus (HPV) is also considered to be an increasingly important risk factor for HNC, in particular oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Unlike squamous cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma is a cancer that begins with squamous epithelial cells that are squamous epithelial cells. Squamous epithelial cells are located in the middle layer of the epidermis, the inner layers of the respiratory tract and digestive tract, and the inner layers of some organs. Squamous cell carcinoma is affected by about 100,000 Americans and the mortality rate is about 2%. With the exception of a case where a biopsy has just been done, MCC rarely becomes scaly and rarely develops ulceration (the upper skin is broken). Black circles indicate MCC tumors appearing on the skin (86% of these cases). White circles indicate MCC appearing in the lymph nodes, and no abnormal tissues appear first in "primary lesions". Most of the primary tumor of Merkel cell carcinoma occurs in the area exposed to sunlight. In some cases of MCC (about 11%), no primary tumor is seen in patients, but lymph node symptoms are observed (lymph nodes only)

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) usually occurs in the skin receiving sunlight. They are commonly found near other injuries to actin-damaged skin, including the skin associated with Bowen's disease, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, solar keratosis or malignant melanoma. Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) has also been associated with previous radiation exposure and B cell lymphoma. Approximately 53% of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) occurs in the head and neck, and 35% occurs in the extremities. In the head and neck, 46% of the tumor occurs in the periorbital area, 29% on the cheek, 18% on the eyelid, and 17% on the forehead. Other parts of the head and neck have lips (9%), ears (7%), nose and neck (5.4%), scalp (4%). The general distribution of Merkel cell carcinoma in the head and neck is shown in the figure below.