Groupthink

Individual members of collective thinking, mindset, and small solidarity tend to accept opinions and conclusions that represent consensus of perceived groups, regardless of whether group members think it is effective, correct, optimal there is. Collective thinking reduces the efficiency of group problem solving in these groups

Group thinking theory was originally proposed by social psychologist Irving Janis in 1972 classical study "Victims of Group Thought: Foreign Policy Decision and Psychology Study of Faas Science and Technology". The survey focuses on psychological mechanisms behind foreign policy decisions like Pearl Harbor explosion. , Vietnam War and Pigbay invasion

Janis is trying to figure out why a group of individuals with sophisticated intelligence frequently make erroneous decisions. Again, we are interested in the group's behavior, prejudice and stress on the influence of group decision on research. Collective thinking has become a widely accepted theory, especially in the fields of social psychology, foreign policy analysis, organization theory, group decision making science and management. Therefore, this concept was restored to help explain the interpretation of information on weapons of mass destruction before the war in Iraq (2003-11).

Janis reveals a series of structural conditions leading to collective thinking, a grouping of specific decision-making groups, formal rules of the decision-making process, characteristics of its leadership, social homogeneity of participants, and contextual background Did. face

The eight symptoms of collective thinking include: impeccable or false illusions, collective rationalization of group decisions, uncertain beliefs about collective ethics and its choice, stereotypes concerning members of related adversaries or external groups, and The existence of "mentor" as a negative information barrier as an alternative, and the illusion of self censorship and unity. Decisions affected by collective thinking will ignore possible alternatives, ignoring the risks involved in a particular decision, and focus on several goals. It was biased towards considering available information without seeking alternative information. When rejected, the alternative is forgotten, and if the priority solution fails, there is little focus on the emergency response plan.

Proposals to prevent collective thinking include the introduction of multiple channels into decision making and the mechanisms to maintain the openness and heterogeneity of specific groups and to prevent the occurrence of group thought Focusing on specific types of leadership.

Criticism emphasizes that the decision making process does not necessarily determine the final result. Not all bad decisions are necessarily the result of collective thinking, not all collective thought cases fail. In some cases, collective thinking can also actively enhance members' trust and accelerate the decision-making process.

Group thinking erases their external influences and leads them to work according to their own followers and collective thinking. This term is considered negative, but group thinking currently has positive and negative things. Collective thinking is essentially a psychological phenomenon in which a group of people seek common harmony and desire. If the objective is positive and the final result is positive, it is called positive group thinking, and if the result is negative, it is negative group thinking. The First World War is the result of the superiority of group thinking. It began with promoting its authority in several countries, and in the end almost all countries were seriously affected. After the First World War, World War II was a bigger brain freeze. After understanding the results of the first result, I can not explain it to anything else.

The term "collective thinking" was built by psychologist Owen L. Janis in the early 1970s. In 1972, Janis published his book "Victims of Collective Thinking: Determination of Foreign Policy and Psychological Studies of Fias Technology". Among them, he defined "collective thinking" as "psychological driving force to reach an agreement in any case and to suppress the dissenting opinion and the evaluation of alternatives in a cohesive decision-making group." Large scale hysteria is also known as epidemic hysteria, large-scale mental illness and mass social illness. According to a 1997 study by Johns Hopkins University Hygiene Public Health Faculty, a large-scale hysteria is a symptom that suggests organic disease, but it occurs in more than 2 without obvious reason. With appropriate belief There are people, their symptoms are "It is regarded as" a social phenomenon involving healthy people ".