Green and Eco-Friendly Materials for the Removal of Phosphorus from Wastewater

The phenomenal growth of various industries in the process of industrialization and urbanization has reduced the quality of water. This is one of the most important substances required for the maintenance of species. Permanently lowering harmful industrial waste and municipal waste to water resources can have direct or indirect adverse effects on living things. However, all kinds of water pollution can destroy the delicate balance maintained by nature (Masters and Ela, 1991; Gupta et al., 2015; Malviya et al., 2015). Approximately 97% of the water on Earth is in the ocean and it is not suitable for consumption as it involves high salt concentration. In addition to being a sink of industrial waste and sewage waste, seawater is also used as a coolant for thermal power plants (Hammer, 1986). Desalination technology is widely available, but they are economically viable as they require large capital investment. Therefore, the only fresh water that can be used for various purposes is glacier (68.7%), 3% water (30.1%) in the form of groundwater, and surface water (1.2%). Water for various purposes is drawn from limited freshwater sources such as lakes, rivers and ponds. 200

Removal of phosphorus from the wastewater can be accomplished by chemical removal, advanced biological treatment, or a combination of both. Chemical regeneration of phosphorus involves the addition of calcium, iron and aluminum salts by various mechanisms discussed to achieve phosphorus precipitation. In addition, the operating conditions, in particular the characteristics of the wastewater, the quality and quantity of the sludge production, the optimization of the use and recycling of the chemical substances, the chemical addition point combined with the biological treatment, and the alternative chemical / And inclusive application

Biological phosphorus removal relies on phosphorus uptake beyond normal bacterial metabolism requirements and is proposed as an alternative to chemical treatment. Early development and putative clearance mechanisms were reviewed; these included natural chemical precipitates, enhanced biological elimination, or a combination of both. Evaluating the characteristics of excessive biological phosphorous removal in an activated sludge wastewater treatment facility, taking into account various operating parameters, bacteriology and process design

Introduction Chemical and biological phosphorus treatments are two main technologies for removing phosphorus from domestic wastewater and industrial wastewater, but various variations and combinations are used. The following is aimed at explaining the basic outline of the basic phosphorus removal process. Chemical treatment for phosphorus removal Chemical treatment for phosphorus removal involves the addition of a metal salt to react with soluble phosphate to form a solid precipitate which is separated by a solid separation process including clarification and filtration Is removed. The most commonly used metal salts are aluminum (aluminum sulfate), sodium aluminate, ferric chloride, ferric sulfate, ferrous sulfate and ferrous chloride.