Golden Rice

The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) and its domestic research partners have developed gold rice to complement existing interventions to cope with vitamin A deficiency (VAD). VAD is a serious public health problem affecting millions of children worldwide and pregnant women

In Southeast Asia and Southeast Asian countries, more than two thirds of calories are taken from rice every day. Golden rice, especially those who rely on rice for nutrition, will help fight VAD.

Golden rice is a new type of rice including beta carotene. Beta carotene is converted to vitamin A if necessary and gives the cereal golden color. It is developed by genetic engineering and can be grown like ordinary rice.

Golden rice is currently applying for regulation in the Philippines and Bangladesh. According to the first issue of the 2016 notice of the Bureau, the Ministry of Agriculture - Bureau of Plant Industry (DA - BPI) instructed PhilRice to make public consultations at the proposed GR2E Golden Rice field test. Please continue. The hearing will be held in Nueva, Nueva Ecija on July 18, 2018 and will be held on July 19, 2018 at San Mateo, Isabela.

According to a letter from the US Food and Drug Administration, "Nutrient content can not be guaranteed because the β-carotene concentration in rice is too low" This is insufficient content of vitamin A in gold rice Do you mean that?

In 2005, the research team at Syngenta produced a gold rice combining the corn phytoene synthase gene and the original golden rice crt1. Golden rice 2 produces 23 times more carotenoids (up to 37 μg / g) than golden rice and accumulates beta-carotene preferentially (37 μg / g carotenoid at a maximum of 31 μg / g). The psy and crtI genes were transferred to the rice nuclear genome and placed under the control of the endosperm-specific promoter so that they are expressed only in the endosperm. Because the exogenous lcy gene has a bound transport peptide sequence, it targets plastids from which geranylgeranyl diphosphate is formed. The bacterial crt I gene catalyzes several steps in the synthesis of carotenoids up to lycopene and is an important inclusion to this pathway, as these steps require more than one enzyme in the plant. The final product of the artificial route is lycopene, but when plants accumulate lycopene, the rice turns red.

Summary of carotenoid biosynthetic pathway in golden rice The enzyme represented by golden endosperm is shown in red and catalyzes the biosynthesis of β-carotene from geranylgeranyl diphosphate. Peter Bramley discovered that a single phytoene desaturase gene (bacterial CrtI) could be used in the 1990's, assuming that beta carotene is converted to the retina and subsequently converted into retinol (vitamin A) in the animal's intestine did. Lycopene is produced in phytoene of transgenic tomato. There is no need to introduce multiple carotene desaturases normally used by higher plants. Cyclization of lycopene to β-carotene by endogenous cyclase in golden rice