Gift exchange

2023-11-20 17:19:13

Exchanging gifts, exchanging etiquette, transferring goods or services is voluntarily thought by stakeholders, but it is part of anticipated social behavior. Gift exchanges can be distinguished in some respects from other kinds of exchanges: the first offer is done in a generous way, there is no negotiation between donor and recipient; exchange is existing social It is expression of relationship. New relationships that are different from non-personal market relationships, the benefits of gift exchanges may belong to social relationships and prestige rather than significant benefits

In the gift exchange cycle, there is a duty of donation, receipt and return. There may be sanctions that urge people to give, fail, or disappoint. Refusing to accept gifts is regarded as refusal of social relations and may lead to hostility. The reciprocity of the cycle depends on the obligation to return the gift; the celebrity related to the emergence of generosity determines that the value of return is approximately equal to or greater than the value of the original gift.

French anthropologist Marcel Mauss for the first time applied the concept of gift exchange to every aspect of social life and emphasized the social companions of the exchange rather than economic function. Gift exchanges not only provide credit lines to recipients for a certain period of time but also support and express social relations based on the identity of stakeholders. The concept of reciprocity behind gift exchanges also extends to ceremonial fields and religious fields. Therefore, some sacrifice can be seen as a gift to supernatural forces, and therefore receive assistance and approval in the way expected. Interrelated social relationships such as women's change in marriage between relatives are similar in terms of the type of relationship between duties and gifts. Gift exchanges such as potlatch (qv) for Indians in the Pacific coast Northwest are also analyzed as adaptive survivors of the socioeconomic system and enable the redistribution of surplus wealth and food in certain ecological environments . See also Kura.

Gift exchange is an activity that is familiar to both men and women, both gifts and gifts. In fact, the ceremony of gift exchange indicates that individuals are being forced to offer, accept and return (Gouldner 1960). However, most studies show that women are the main donors as opposed to men (Cheal 1987; Fischer and Arnold 1990). There are two possible arguments for explaining this discovery. First, because women are far more sociable as shoppers than men (Scanzoni 1977), gift shopping may be accepted as a female job, but men are part of their family responsibilities without social shopping Do not think about shopping. Second, gifting often tells love and affection (Belk 1979), women are more interested in expressing love than men (Cheal 1987).