German

German Rasmus Rask and Jakob Grimm knew the Green law exception when both were dead, but no one was able to explain these exceptions. This is still done by Danish linguist Calvina (1846 - 1896). Verner says that many exceptions to Green law have their own regularity and system, and can be explained logically. By examining the Sanskrit language, keeping the old Indian European stress pattern, and without experiencing German consonant transition, and comparing Sanskrit and German cognates, the stress pattern of the word can be found in nearby consonant It affects pronunciation.

Modern standard German is Western German derived from German in India - Europe. German is traditionally divided into three branches: Northern German, East Germanic, and West German. The first of these branches is in modern Danish, Swedish, Norwegian, Faroese and Icelandic languages, all of which are descendants of ancient Norwegian. East Germanic language is now disappearing and the only historical component of this written text is Gothic. However, the West Germanic language has been subdivided into multilingual dialects and is now represented in contemporary languages ​​such as English, German, Dutch, Yiddish, Afrikaans.

German is a German Germanic member and it is part of the Indo-European language family. The German dialect is a traditional local varieties, and for those who can only understand standard German, many of them are difficult to understand, vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar are greatly different. Many German dialects are considered as different languages ​​(eg ethnographic magazines) if narrow definition of the language based on mutual understanding is used. However, this view is rare in German linguistics.

The continuum of the German dialect has traditionally been divided into the most widely German heights and the low German language. But historically, the Gaud dialect and the low Saxon / Low German dialect do not belong to the same language. Nevertheless, in today's German, low level Saxon / Low German is often regarded as a functional German dialect for many native speakers, at the functional level. The same phenomenon was also seen in the eastern part of the Netherlands. Because the traditional dialect is not necessarily low Saxony / low German, it starts in Dutch.

The eighteenth and nineteenth centuries were characterized by school's standard German popular education. Gradually, low-level German is politically viewed as a dialect only spoken by people who are not educated. Today, the state of Lower Saxony can be divided into two groups. The low Saxony varieties, German standard flow rate is reasonable, and German standard German varieties are called Missing. Sometimes, both are not affected by the transformation of high German consonants, so low Saxony species and low French language species are classified as one type. However, since World War II, the proportion of people who can understand and talk is decreasing. The biggest cities in the area below are Hamburg and Dortmund.