Geographical Routing in Ad-Hoc and Sensor Networks

Ad hoc wireless network: Ad hoc is a multi-hop wireless network that allows two or more devices to communicate with each other without an access point or a central wireless router. The ad hoc network is a broadcast, adaptive wireless network. These networks are not dependent on any infrastructure. In ad hoc networks, there are hosts that communicate between them and share a single radio channel. Because ad hoc networks are not infrastructure dependent, infrastructure is reduced and each node functions as a router.

A wireless ad hoc network, also called a wireless mesh network or a mobile ad hoc network (MANET), is a wireless network composed of wireless nodes organized in a mesh topology. Each node forwards messages on behalf of the other nodes, and each node performs routing. The ad hoc network can be "self-healing" and it will be transferred automatically, bypassing the node that was powered off. To implement an ad hoc mobile network, various network layer protocols are required, such as distance series distance vector routing, association based routing, ad hoc on - demand distance vector routing, dynamic source routing.

This paper studies ad hoc networking model and its network layer through NS2 simulation and mainly studied comparison and analysis of popular ad hoc routing protocol. The purpose of this paper is to research and develop key technologies for self - organizing network routing protocols based on ad - hoc network architecture. Furthermore, due to the unique structure of the ad hoc network, it is necessary to fully consider the characteristics of the ad hoc network when designing and constructing the network. This allows you to design routing protocols that are appropriate for your particular network structure to maximize network performance.

Different ad hoc network routing protocols have been proposed in recent years according to specific characteristics of ad hoc wireless network routing protocols. The IETF 's MANET working group is currently focused on researching ad - hoc network routing protocols and agreeing on many draft protocols such as DSR, AODV, ZRP. In addition, professional researchers have published several articles related to ad hoc network routing protocols. Many network routing protocols such as DSDV and WRP are proposed for ad hoc networks. According to the principle of routing triggers, the current routing protocols can be categorized into three types: active routing protocols, reactive routing protocols, and hybrid routing protocols.