Gene Therapy and Cancer

Gene therapy and cancer In 1997, an estimated 38 million Americans were newly diagnosed with cancer (Blaese, 1997). The available treatments can only treat half of them. Many new strategies, including gene therapy, are in the stage of developing cancer. Almost half of all ongoing gene therapy trials are used to treat cancer and experts believe that some of these applications will be used within the next 3-5 years (Lyon, 1997). Cancer is regarded as a hereditary disorder. Several genes that have to be mutated to promote the development of cancer or to maintain the growth of malignant cells have been identified by research (Klug, 1996).

In the latest research by J Tupper (2010), HRP is used for cancer gene therapy. Genetically directed enzyme prodrug therapy is a targeted cancer therapy that uses enzymes to convert nontoxic prodrugs into cytotoxins in tumors. Maleic acid radish peroxidase converts prodrug prodrug-N 3 -acetic acid (IAA) and halogenated derivative 5-bromo-AIA (5Br-IAA) into toxic substances capable of inducing cell killing in vitro You can do. ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is a test designed to detect antigen or antibody by generating an enzyme induced color change. For this purpose, enzyme-labeled antibodies specific for the antigen, as well as chromogenic substrates which change color in the presence of the enzyme are required. The amount of color development is proportional to the amount of antigen in the sample.

A variety of gene therapy strategies have been developed for treating various cancers, including suicide gene therapy, oncolytic virus therapy, anti-angiogenesis and therapeutic gene vaccines. Two thirds of all gene therapy trials, including a phase III trial of Ad.p 53 against head and neck cancer and two different Phase III gene vaccine tests for prostate cancer and pancreatic cancer, are used for cancer, many of which are progressive It is in the period. . In addition, I am using the new technology and therapy developed in this field, at the academic medical center and biotechnology company, Phase I and Phase II of cancer of the brain, skin, liver, colon, breast, kidney etc. I am doing many clinical trials.

Another promising future for gene therapy is cancer treatment. Genetically modifying immune cells to become cancer hunters is a technology that has been going on for several years. However, most treatments are experimental, as side effects may be fatal. For the same reason, destroying the patient's immune system at the genetic level is done only for the most severely affected patients with a limited subset of cancers. Recently, however, using innovative approaches called CRISPR, it is possible to change the DNA in living cells cheaply and safely, leading to the next wave of gene therapy innovation. By using CRISPR to inhibit genes in T cells that suppress immune responses, these T cells can be used to treat certain cancers.