Gender Inequality Index (GII)

Gender inequality is still a major obstacle to human development. Girls and women have made great progress since 1990, but have yet to achieve gender equality. Disadvantages faced by women and girls are the main cause of inequality. Women and girls are often discriminated against in terms of health, education, political representation, labor market, etc., which adversely affect growth capacity and choice freedom.

GII is an inequality exponent. It is the three important aspects of human development - gender inequality in reproductive health as measured by maternal mortality rate and puberty birth rate; empowerment, proportion of parliamentary seats and women at least 25 years old Secondary education Adult female male Measure the ratio of economic status from the viewpoint of labor market participation and measure by women and men 15 years of age or older participation rate of labor force. GII is built on the same framework as IHDI in order to clarify the difference in distribution of male and female performance. It measures the cost of human development for gender inequality. Therefore, the higher the GII value, the greater the difference between women and men and the greater the loss of human development.

GII has revealed the status of women in 159 countries, which provides insight into gender disparity in important areas of human development. Some indicators emphasize the areas where major policy intervention is needed and stimulate positive thinking and public policy to overcome the systematic disadvantage of women

Worldwide, the gender disparity in China is relatively small. In 2014 China was ranked 40th among 187 countries of the United Nations Development Program Gender Equality Index (GII). Among the components of GII, the maternal mortality rate in China is 32 out of 100,000 births. As for education, 58.7% of women aged 25 years and over have completed secondary education, but the corresponding male statistics was 71.9%. Women's labor force participation rate is 63.9% (men is 78.3%), and women are 23.6% of the National People's Congress seats.

According to UN statistics, women in Nepal are still at the lower limits of the South Asian Human Development Index (HDI) and Gender Inequality Index (GII). The general vaccination, health, and nutritional status of Nepalese women are still inadequate, especially in rural areas. According to statistics, one in 24 Nepalese women died during pregnancy or childbirth, and reproductive health is a priority for intervention. The literacy rate, enrollment rate, gender disparity of academic record are large enough to clearly show the differences between men and women in the education field. Social, economic and cultural factors exacerbate this situation and demonstrate the need for comprehensive response. Due to the limited work and leadership of Nepalese women in the private and public sectors, women are still difficult to find role models, supporters and new opportunities.

In 2011, the Gender Equality Index (GII) of the United Nations Development Program ranked 126th Egypt in 148 countries, the total value is 0.59, 1.0 of which is the perfect score. These indicators show severe gender differences in reproductive health, economic function and overall empowerment. Social norms and attitudes, economic pressure, religious beliefs, and structural forces are contributing to maintaining the present state. Divorce procedure depends on gender, divorce is given freely by men. A man can divorce his wife by saying "You are divorced" three times. Procedures are officially decided by registering divorce with the notary person within 30 days thereafter. Later, women can receive economic support for up to two years. Some women are willing to give up financial assistance in exchange for divorce when negotiating divorce with their husband.