Gasoline

Gasoline is also called gasoline, also called gasoline or gasoline, is a mixture of petroleum-derived volatile combustible liquid hydrocarbons used as fuel for internal combustion engines. It can also be used as a solvent for grease. Originally a by-product of the petroleum industry (kerosene is the main product), gasoline is preferred as automotive fuel because of its high burning capacity and ability to mix with air in the carburetor.

Gasoline is first produced by distillation, and volatile, more valuable crude oil fractions are simply separated. The latter process aims at breaking up macromolecules into smaller molecules by a process called cracking and increasing the production of gasoline in crude oil. Thermal decomposition by heat and high pressure was introduced in 1913, but after being replaced by catalytic cracking in 1937 the chemical reaction was promoted by the application of catalyst and more gasoline was produced. Other methods for improving gasoline quality and increasing its supply include polymerization, conversion of gaseous olefins such as propylene and butenes to larger molecules in gasoline range; alkylation, paraffins such as olefins and isobutane . Isomerization, conversion of linear hydrocarbons to branched hydrocarbons, and modification of molecular structure with heat or catalyst, rearrangement

Gasoline is a complex mixture of hundreds of different hydrocarbons. Most are saturated with 4 to 12 carbon atoms per molecule. Gasoline used in a car boils mainly between 30 ° C and 200 ° C (85 ° F to 390 ° F), and the mixture is adjusted according to altitude and season. Aviation gasoline has less volatile and volatile components than automotive gasoline

Gasoline anti-knock performance - ability to withstand knocking - indicates that fuel burning in the cylinder is too fast to increase efficiency. The addition of tetraethyl lead to prevent burning began in the 1930's but was interrupted in the 1980's due to the toxicity of lead compounds released from combustion products. Other gasoline additives usually include a cleaner that reduces accumulation of engine deposits, a flame retardant antifreeze that prevents icing of the carburetor, and an antioxidant (antioxidant) that reduces the formation of "glue" I will.

In the second half of the 20th century, gasoline (and gasoline) prices rose in many countries, so the use of gasoline alcohol (a mixture of 90% unleaded petrol and 10% ethanol (ethanol)) increased. Gasohol is an ideal alternative fuel for specific applications due to the renewability of ethanol which can burn well on gasoline engines and be manufactured from cereals, potatoes and other certain vegetable matter. See also oil

Gasoline is fuel made from crude oil and other petroleum liquids. Gasoline is mainly used as engine fuel for automobiles. Refineries and enterprises that manufacture finished gasoline sold at retail gas stations can clean gasoline burning and add a variety of liquids to meet air pollution control standards and requirements. The completed gasoline meets the fundamental fuel requirements for spark ignition engines. Some finished gasoline needs to be further mixed with ethanol (renewable fuel and oxygenates), detergents and other additives, and high octane gasoline and then shipped to retailers for sale to end users obtain. Most of the gasoline produced by refineries is actually raw gasoline (or mixed gasoline). Gasoline mixed raw materials require additional mixing and usually require ethanol before shipping to retail stores as finished gasoline.

Historically, retail gasoline prices tend to rise gradually in the spring and peaks occur when people frequently drive during the summer. Gasoline prices in winter are generally low. Gasoline specifications and formulations also vary depending on the season. According to environmental regulations, gasoline sold in the summer is not required to evaporate during the warm season. This requirement means that refineries must replace less expensive and more volatile gasoline components with less evaporable and more expensive components. The average monthly price of US retail grade gasoline in August from 2000 to 2017 was about 36 cents higher per gallon than the average price in January.