Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)

Galileo Galilei was born on February 15, 1564 near the musician's son Pisa. He began studying medicine at the University of Pisa, but later changed to philosophy and mathematics. In 1589 he became a mathematical professor in Pisa. In 1592 he became a professor of mathematics at Padua University until 1610. During this time he participated in various experiments including fall speed, dynamics and pendulum of various objects.

In 1609, Galileo heard that the Netherlands invented the telescope. Even without looking at an example, he made an excellent version and produced many astronomical discoveries. These include the mountains and valleys of the surface of the moon, the sunspots, the four largest moons of the planet Jupiter, and the phases of the planets of Venus. His astronomy work made him famous and was appointed a court mathematician in Florence.

In 1614 Galileo was condemned as a heretic because he supported Copernicus's theory that the sun is at the center of the solar system. This is revolutionary when most people think that the earth is in this central position. In 1616, he was forbidden to teach and support these theories.

In 1632, he announced "dialogue on the two major world systems", he was condemned again for a heresy. This is an argument in the form of discussion between the two who support and oppose Copernicus's theory. Galileo was summoned to appear before Roman Inquisition officer. He was convicted, sentenced to life imprisonment, and then forcibly housed under permanent arrest at Arceletri in southern Florence. He was also obliged to publicly withdraw support for Copernicus' theory.

He is blind now but he continues to write. In 1638, with his view on Galileo's law of motion and the principle of dynamics, his "Discussion on Two New Sciences" was announced. Galileo passed away in Arcelli on January 8, 1642

Italian astronomer and physicist Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) is the first scientist who used a newly invented telescope for celestial recording and observation. In the abundant career, the discovery of Galileo including the phase of satellites orbiting Venus and Jupiter has given a fatal blow to the theory of Earth-centered theory. British physicist and mathematician Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727) developed the laws of motion and gravity in the 17th century and showed the beginnings of Newtonian physics and modern astrophysics. In addition to developing calculus, Newton has made significant progress in understanding light and optics that are important for the development of astronomy. Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (mathematical principle of natural philosophy), Newton's pioneering research in 1687, dominated the field of intelligents in the Western side for more than two centuries and proved the driving force for progress in astrophysical mechanics.

Great thinkers, Galileo Galilei (1564-1642), Rene Descartes (1596-1650), Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727) are the main examples of human rationality and the conflict between Catholic churches. Given their ongoing importance and the suspicious influence of these thinkers, we think that it is important to ask. The use of human reasons to understand the existence of the universe and human existence precedes Galileo, Descartes and Newton.

Italian astronomer and mathematician Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) used a telescope to support the Copernicus heliocentric theory. His findings challenged established scientific and religious ideas. Galileo is an important contributor to the development of scientific methods used by modern scientists. Genghis Khan (1162 - 1227) recovered from poverty and tied the war of the tribe of Mongolia. He imposed discipline and loyalty and then began to build an army that became the Mongol empire conquering the vast area of ​​Central Asia and China. He is known for its violence and generosity. The Mongol empire lasted long after his death in military operations. His descendants joined the empire until it became the world's largest empire before the British Empire.