Galactic Center at Very High Energies

Whenever a new "messenger" (a different photon wavelength or a different particle) is added to an observable list accessible to astrophysicists, the universe will appear in a new outlook: it reveals amazing things Its characteristics resulted in new problems, which ultimately changed our understanding of basic physics and cosmology. Examples include new elementary particles found in cosmic rays in the 1930s and 1940s, flavor vibrations from the sun and atmosphere neutrinos, or rotation caused by radio waves and X-ray astronomy.

Cosmic rays are classified into two types: the Milky Way Cosmic Ray (GCR) derived from high-energy particles outside the solar system, the high-energy particles of the sun, high-energy particles (mainly protons) released from the sun, mainly solar particle events It can be classified. However, the term "cosmic rays" is generally only used to refer to GCR flux. Although it is named the galaxy, GCR can originate from the inside or the outside of the galaxy (as described in the source section above). Cosmic rays originate from primary cosmic rays originally generated by various astrophysical processes. The original cosmic rays consist mainly of protons and alpha particles (99%), there are a small amount of heavier nuclei (~ 1%) and a very small proportion of positrons and antiprotons. Secondary cosmic rays are caused by the attenuation of primary cosmic rays hitting the atmosphere, including neutrons, π mesons, positrons, and muons. Of the four, the last three were first discovered in cosmic rays.

Today, astronomers classify cosmic rays into four main types based on their energy and composition. Solar cosmic rays, extraordinary cosmic rays, galactic cosmic rays, and super high energy cosmic rays. According to our current information, these departments are our best guess for classifying different types of cosmic rays and can be confirmed or modified by the next generation cosmic ray detector currently under development.

Charged nuclei are characteristic of Milky Way cosmic rays and solar particle events. However, alpha particles (charged helium nuclei) have no natural source on the earth. However, in the universe very high energy protons, helium nuclei, and HZE ions may initially be blocked by relatively thin shields, clothing, or skin layers. However, the resulting interaction will produce secondary radiation and cause cascading biological effects. For example, if only one tissue atom is replaced by a high energy proton, the collision will cause further interaction in the body. This is called "linear energy transfer" (LET) and uses elastic scattering.