Framework to Explain Memory

Introduction In 1972, Fergus Craik and Robert Lockhart developed a framework for interpreting memory. The framework suggests that memory is not a conscious act, but a way to process information. Therefore I remember information that I do not intend to use (Craik & Lockhart, 2008). Craik and Lockhart are proposing to deal with two levels, including shallow and deep processing. Shallow processing requires little attention, and deep processing requires extreme caution (Goldstein, 2008).

• A framework for explaining memory imprecision due to aging is a dual process model. In the dual process model, an individual uses an implicit unconscious process and a clear and conscious process for memory. The model indicates that senior citizens can not recall certain events, so they are susceptible to false memories. Because of this incompetence, some elderly people may regard easily accessible information as true memory (Jacoby & Rhodes, 2006).

When memory theory such as Atkinson-Shiffrin memory model and Baddeley's work memory model was established as a theoretical framework of cognitive psychology, a cognitive framework of new learning began to appear in the 1970's, 1980's, 1990's . Today, researchers focus on topics such as cognitive load and information processing theory. These learning theories play an important role in influencing educational design. Cognitive theory is used to explain topics of age-related social role acquisition, intelligence and memory

Cognitive science experienced major changes in the 1960s and 1970s. While maintaining a behavioral empirical framework, cognitive psychology theory explains brain-based learning by considering how human memory promotes learning. The Atkinson-Shiffrin memory model and Baddeley's working memory model were established as a theoretical framework. Computer science and information technology had a major impact on cognitive science theory. Research and skills in the field of computer science have promoted recognition concepts of work memory (formerly known as short-term memory) and long-term memory. Another major influence on the field of cognitive science is Noam Chomsky. Today, researchers focus on topics such as cognitive load, information processing, media psychology. These theoretical perspectives affect educational design