Four Fundamental Concepts of Knowing in Nursing

There are various kinds of knowledge and various recognition methods. The four basic concepts of nursing knowledge highlighted by Caper (1978) are experience, personal, ethical, and aesthetic. He divides knowledge into two forms: recessive and explicit. Tacit acceptance is based on insight of experience, it is not easy to see and express, it is difficult to share and communicate with others. The source of empirical knowledge depends on how individuals observe and respond to external events (Higgs et al., 2004).

Barbara Carper, a professor at the Texas Women's University Nursing College, wrote an article titled "Basic Model of Nursing Knowledge" in 1978. This shows four ways that nurses can use to fulfill patient needs. Today, many universities and nursing colleges use her basic model to help nursing students gain a more general assessment of how to understand and treat patients. One of the models of Carper is empirical knowledge, which is based on the results of the most relevant and supported evidence from the study. This includes research on the use of nursing informatics and medical technology.

According to Carper (1978) there are four basic models of nursing knowledge essential for nursing education and learning, including a critical analysis of the meaning of knowledge and the most valuable kind of knowledge in the field. Caring The four cognitive modes are experience, ethics, personal knowledge and aesthetics. Carper (1978) defines empirical knowledge as factual, descriptive, and ultimately in the development of abstract and theoretical interpretation. This type of knowledge includes knowledge gained through application of theory and application of scientific evidence learned through setting up textbooks and classrooms. Knowledge gained through empirical descriptions can be obtained in an official publicly verifiable way. Moral knowledge leads nurses in a way to face conflicting problems and solve them, and requires the application of moral reasoning