Flower - Evolution Of Flowers

This flower comes from a structure suitable for protecting unprotected ovules exposed to gymnosperms of gymnosperms' ancestors. Botanists do not know which gymnosperm are most closely related to angiosperms. Recently, sexual fertilization examination of different groups of spermatozoa suggests that Angiosperms may be most closely related to Gnetophyta, a small gate of about 70 species of three genera (Ephedra, Gnetum and Welwitschia) is showing.

Angiosperms showed up for the first time in fossil records in the early Cretaceous period (about 130 million years ago), and rapidly diversified. As flowering plants evolve, the natural choice of effective pollination of insects and other animals is important in their diversity. By the middle of Cretaceous, there were many different species of evolved flower species. These different designs were developed by a process known as close integration of flowers and their animal pollinators, co-evolution. In addition, many flowers are paradoxical in order to rely on cross pollination and pollination of another individual of the same species. Other pollination increases the genetic diversity of the offspring and makes them more suitable.

Today, flowering plants are the most important terrestrial plants in the world. There are more than 300 different families of flowering plants. With more than 15,000 species, the Asteraceae are one of the largest and most diverse families of angiosperms, and their flowers are highly evolving. Dandelions, daisies and sunflowers are common species of the Asteraceae. In these species, many small individual flowers are tightly packed to form a dense inflorescence called the head which looks like a big flower. Each flower in the head has a single ovule that creates a single seed upon fertilization. Many of Asteraceae flowers such as dandelions have developed very specialized bulbs. In the summer, dandelion fields spread to a furry-like white structure and help small spread seeds spread out into the wind.

The success of angiosperms is due to the evolution of flowers. Flower pollen and honey will encourage pollinators to visit and increase fertility opportunities by ensuring efficient movement of pollen from flowers to flowers. After fertilization, the carpet and other parts of the flower are used to form fruits, which helps the seeds to disperse within the fruit. In addition, the xylem conduit of Angiosperm allows water to pass through the plant very quickly. This means that flowering plants maintain the opening of most of the stomata and can achieve a higher photosynthetic rate than gymnosperms and this 'standby' photosynthetic capacity can support the growth of fruits.

The evolution of flowers and seeds protected by fruits leads to the next branch, angiosperms. Production of flowers and fruits costs a lot, but this cost exceeds these costs. Many indications resulted in different kinds of flowering plants. As these new information changes, it is said that many complex symbiotic relationships have developed. There are many unique symbiotic relationships among fungi, bacteria, insects. If these relationships are disturbed, plants can not survive or their competitiveness will decline. A scenario explaining how complex symbiotic relationship evolves seems to be Catch - 22 in the evolutionary scenario. If the bee does not have a specific shape, it can not reach nectar, but distributing pollen to flowers is the only bee with the right shape. Either one does not exist, the other does not exist, or it is not appropriate as a conflict

This flower is one of the important innovations of evolution and it is the cause of large-scale evolution that may lead to over 400,000 angiosperm species. Prior to the emergence of flowering plants, the world of seed plants was dominated by gymnosperms with a pyramidal structure rather than flowers such as pine, sago palm and ginkgo. Gymnosperms appeared for the first time in fossil records about 200 million years earlier than about the first angiosperm, about 360 million years ago. Pam Soltis, co-author and molecular system of the same research, says: "The purpose of this study was to understand the first regulatory program or series of gene switches that produced the first flowers in a common ancestor of all living flowering plants Curator of Learning Evolution of the Florida Museum Genetics