First and Second Generation Biomass Materials for Production of Biofuels

Fossil fuels adversely affect the environment and cause irreversible changes. Today there are three fossil fuels in the world. They are more familiar fuels derived from natural gas and coal, and crude oil such as gasoline, diesel and fuel oil. In the US, over the past few years people have relied on these fuels for many purposes. When fossil fuels burn, a chemical reaction called combustion occurs. This reaction is the main source of contamination of the environment.

4 So far the international use of bioenergy terms is contradictory. In this article we will use the following terms and meanings: Biomass = biological substances (excluding substances embedded in the formation and converted into fossils); biofuel feedstock = organic used in the production of liquid and gaseous biofuels Fuel produced from direct or indirect solid, liquid or gas biomass; bioenergy = wood energy (from firewood, charcoal, forestry residue, black liquor and other wood products) and agricultural energy (from special crops Energy production from biofuels including biofuels including agriculture and livestock byproducts, residues and wastes; first generation biofuels = fuels produced from specialty crops; second generation biofuels = cellulosic materials (wood and tallgrass) Agricultural residues, as well as waste generation fuel from agriculture and cities

The first generation biofuels are made from sugar and vegetable oil in cultivated crops whereas the second generation biofuels are made from lignocellulose, wood crops, residues of agricultural products or plant waste . It is made from edible crops. Therefore, the raw materials used to produce the second generation biofuels are cultivated in the cultivated land or only by-products (main crops) of the actual harvest. No additional water or fertilizer will be applied. Second generation raw materials for foods other than humans include grasses, seed crops such as Jatropha, vegetable waste oil, municipal solid waste and so on.