Fiber-optic Communications

In 1987, Eli Yablonvitch and Sajeev John discussed the previously discovered research. Eli Yablonvitch is an electrical engineer at Bell Communications Research, Red Bank, New Jersey. Yablonvitch is known for improving the laser, and the laser will be the backbone of fiber-optic communication. Sajeev John is a graduate student at Harvard University and his research was inspired by Philip Anderson at Princeton University. Both agreed to call their idea a photonic band gap.

Abstract - This white paper describes basic concepts of optical fiber communication and its environmentally friendly applications. It will cover the type of fiber character. Furthermore, the process of an optical fiber communication system is also described. The most important part of this article is environment-friendly optical fiber communication in real world. It also explained the advantages and disadvantages of optical fibers. In the late nineteenth century, fibers were first studied. Alexander Graham Bell proposed the idea of ​​using glass fiber to transmit optical communication signals. Actual development began in the early 1960's and has been developed to date. In the early 1960s, lasers were invented and used for optical fibers. Later on in the 1970s low-loss fibers were developed. The first batch of very pure glass fibers manufactured in the 1970s promoted the development of fibers

Fiber optic communication is a method of transmitting light pulses to transmit information from one place to another via an optical fiber. In a fiber optic communication system, light propagates through the optical fiber according to optical laws. First, the input information is provided to convert information signals such as voice or video to a form compatible with the communication medium. It converts the input signal from a continuous analog signal to a series of digital pulses using an encoder or an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), turns off at a very high speed and lights a powerful light source. A beam pulse is generated and supplied to the fiber optic cable for transmission. When an optical pulse enters one end of the fiber, the fiber boundary is stroked and reflected inward. Until the light pulse passes through the fiber in the form of a zigzag reflection and reaches the other end of the fiber

A typical optical fiber communication system, also known as a lightwave communication system, consists of three basic components. The fire parts are light emitters. The second is fiber and the last one is receiver or receiver. However, the transmission of information requires several steps. These steps are described in the following table. Two of these transmitters are used for fiber transmission. One of them is a light emitting diode (LED). The LED is formed of a p - n structure made of a direct band gap semiconductor material. In the p - n junction, the p type semiconductor and the n type semiconductor are fused to each other. At this junction, the electrons from the n region and the holes from the p region diffuse together to form an intrinsic region or I region or so-called depletion region.