Fertility, Family Planning and Income

The birthrate is one of the main problems to be discussed when talking about demographics in the United States. The US economy plays a major role in the pattern of rising and falling domestic birth rates. In many past economic difficulties, the birthrate of that country has declined. This is one of the main reasons why men and women do not want to make children in difficult economic times. Fostering a family is already a hard work, but as you quit your job, the unemployment rate has risen and the economy is struggling. And not to worry about the whole family, it is almost ineffective to buy what you need.

As far as the current financial situation is concerned, in traditional economic theory, if a child is valuable, the birthrate should increase with household income. Trends in the United States and other developed countries do not support this theory. There are several reasons. As the infant mortality rate has declined dramatically, many children do not need it to ensure that a small number of children can grow. Furthermore, although the children may still be cherished, they no longer increase their family income by working in fields and factories. They are not economic assets; in fact, they are the main responsibility. Therefore, especially for middle-income households and high-income households, expectations for children are high and expensive, and an increase in income may be related to a decline in the birthrate. As with the other aspects described in this section, the empirical evidence in this field varies.

This paper considers maintenance of racial differences in household income during a major social change. Using collective research of income dynamics data, I studied intergenerational income and family structure communication. I have increased the birth rate and mortality data from the 10-year census and national demographic statistics to explore how micro-level communication patterns shape demographic trends at the macro level. Using the current March census data, I studied how changes in family structure and changes in income distribution of family structure lead to inequality trends. In summary, these analyzes reveal how continuity and change in economic processes and demographic processes can help to maintain ethnic differences.