Exploring Seismology

In order to study seismology and earth structure, explore seismology through natural and artificial seismic waves. Earthquakes are defined as vibrations of sound waves and shock waves on the surface, but sound waves and shock waves are usually generated by energy released from rocks bursting under pressure or between the majority of moving rocks on the ground and underground Occur. Seismologists are scientists who study earthquakes and seismic waves. Chapter 1 - What is earthquake wave?

Engineering seismology is an application for earthquake research and engineering purposes. This is commonly used in the field of seismology and includes assessing the earthquake risk of a site or area for the purpose of seismic engineering. Therefore, it is a link between Earth science and civil engineering. Engineering seismology has two main elements. First, we will examine the history of earthquakes (history of earthquake activity, tool catalog, etc.) and structure, and evaluate possible earthquakes and their characteristics, and frequency of occurrence in that area. Next, we investigate strong earthquake motions caused by the earthquake and evaluate the expected vibration of future earthquakes with similar characteristics.

Microearthquake mapping is very similar to seismology in geophysics. In earthquake seismology, seismographs scattered on or near the surface of the earth record S waves and P waves emitted during the earthquake. This allows you to estimate the motion along the fault plane and its mapping at the underground position of the earth. Hydraulic crushing, increase in formation stress proportional to net crush pressure, and increase in pore water pressure due to leakage. Tensile stresses occur before the crack tip and generate a large amount of shear stress. Increases in pore pressure and stratification stress will affect by combination of weak points near hydrostatic crushing such as natural cracks, joints and bedding.

The seismic survey in the oil and gas sector is an application of reflection seismology. This is a method to estimate the characteristics of the ground surface from the reflected seismic waves. When seismic waves pass through the rock surface, impedance occurs. The waves pass through the material under the influence of pressure. Because the molecules of the rock material are elastically bonded to each other, excessive pressure propagates the waves into the solid. Therefore, the acoustic impedance of each rock layer in the basement is different because of different density. This density comparison helps track the underlying wave and obtain an acoustic impedance map called seismic record. However, due to noise and other factors that change the impedance coefficient of the wave, the impedance recorded on the surface by the instrument is inaccurate.