Experimental Science: Self-injurious Behaviors

Also known as self-injury, self-injury, self-injury and amputation "behavior problem of puberty at fasting", mean onset age is 11 to 15 years (Alfonso, ML, & Kaur, R. 2012) . This self-injury is defined as an injury to himself, which is not repeated, impulsive, or fatal. Spontaneous behavior leads to tissue damage. Cutting your wrist, arm, or leg is the most common way. Self-injurious behavior (SIB) was previously thought to be associated with severe psychiatric disorders such as early loss and trauma, related functional disorders, and marginal personality disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder and major association It was

Self-pollution (SIB) may be direct, such as cutting or burning the skin, or may be indirect by the use of harmful acts such as abusive relationships, overeating or alcohol abuse. Direct suicide is usually divided into suicide and non suicidal self injury (NSSI) according to the intention of suicide. Early definition of direct self-injuries also included more indirect forms of self-injuries such as risk, abuse, substance abuse. In a study based on 11 European countries, the estimated lifetime prevalence of direct self injury was 27.6%, occasional incidence of 19.7% and relapse rate of 8%. This behavior is more common among girls. In the 2012 review article, the average prevalence of NSSI is estimated at 18.0%, according to Swedish studies, 11.1% girls and 3% boys fulfilled the DSM-5 criteria of NSSI syndrome .

Self-injury frequency of Sexual Injury (SASI) in adolescent Swedish national survey and the relationship with socio-demographic factors, sexual behavior, abuse and mental health

In 1982, Iwata et al. Conducted the first experimental analysis of maintenance variables of self-injurious behavior. In this paper, researchers alternately repeat specific conditions to see if actions occurred under specific environmental conditions. Direct manipulation of the environment allows researchers to accurately identify control variables of abnormal behavior and to provide interventions functionally related to behavior and the environment. Many studies have been published in the field of functional analysis of abnormal behavior since the publication of this article at the beginning. This method has become a gold standard for evaluating and treating abnormal behaviors

In 1977, Edward Carr published a paper on fundamental assumptions about the occurrence and maintenance of self-injurious behavior. This paper builds a preliminary basis for functional analysis of abnormal behaviors. In this paper, Karl describes five potential causes of self injury. (1) Active social reinforcement that depends on reactions, (2) Negative enhancement of negative stimulation form eliminating stimuli, (3) Improvement of stimulation quality caused by reaction (automatic enhancement) (4) Behavior It is a byproduct of the fundamental psychological state. (5) In psychodynamic hypothesis, behavior is an attempt to reduce guilt. Throughout the paper, Carr supported the first three hypotheses and quoted a recent study to refute the latter two hypotheses, but did not do formal experiments to determine the control variables of problem behavior .