Evolution of Learning Ability in Fruit Flies

Scientists of learning and memory of fruit fly have traditionally thought that learning and memory are "complex functions". Because they are considered to be the result of interactions of various genetic and environmental factors. Since the use of human subjects in research is not necessarily practical or ethical, a simpler "model" organizationism is often used and Drosophila melanogaster (Drosophila) is the best known in biology It is the best study. One of them. Abstract 2,000 fruit flies of Drosophila melanogaster were bred for 6 months before the trial started.

Drosophila (/ dr ɒ ɒ ɪ ɪ,, dr ɒ -, dro ʊ - /) is a kind of Musca belonging to the Drosophila family and its members are called "small fruit flies" or "fruit fly", vinegar flies or wine flies See the features of many species, licking too ripe or rotten fruits. They should not be confused with related families of Teflitidae (also sometimes called "true fruit flies"), also known as fruit flies; Teflitide mainly eats immature or mature fruits, many species It is destructive Agricultural insect pests are considered, in particular the Mediterranean fruit fly. In particular, Drosophila melanogaster of Drosophila is widely used in genetic studies and is a common model organism in developmental biology. The terms "Drosophila" and "Drosophila" are often used synonymously with D. melanogaster in modern biological literature.

Drosophila is inexpensive, easy to store, easy to manage inventory control and high throughput tests. Drosophila is relatively short-lived, takes about 10 to 14 days, and researchers can draw the expected genetic outcome several months ago. Due to the small volume and size of fruit fly, we can operate, observe and study these fruit flies using simple dyeing and fixing protocols. Different cells undergo different changes in the stress-causing environment. One example is temperature rise. As the temperature rises above the optimum point at which the protein acts, they begin to lose their three dimensional shape or denaturation. If there is any change in the structure of the protein, they will not be able to exercise properly. When circumventing this situation, the cell has what is called a molecular chaperone.

Spätzle: Discovered in fruit flies, the larvae are shaped like German noodles. In Drosophila, Spatzle produces a molecule that binds to the tall protein named after Christian Nusslein-Vold's expression "Das It Ja Thor!" ("Amazing" in German). Immunity The imaginary gap between these gene names (based on their role in Drosophila) and those in humans discovered after them suggests how difficult it is to pre-determine the relevance of Drosophila research It is clearly shown. In general, Drosophila has 14,000 genes, 8,000 of which have human analogs. Please read Fly in First to understand the full range of fruit fly research and to understand the intimacy of DNA between each human cell and Drosophila cells.