Evolution of Human Bipedalism:

Recent studies on tree ancestors have proved support for the hypothesis that bipedal walking, one of the signs of human evolution, comes from the ancestors of trees. As implied, the ancestors of tree life benefit from a two-step gait through supplementary movement throughout the tree network (Thorpe et al., 2007). In addition, the use of the upper body in tree forest helps forage (Stanford 2006). The importance of tree ancestry is based on the relationship between the bipedal posture and the development of the lower body against walking.

Understanding the evolution of human bipedalism can provide valuable insight into the biomechanical and physiological characteristics of modern human movement. The walking gait of a human being, other bipedal pedestrian, and most of the quadrupedal pedestrian can be explained by using an inverted pendulum model with the smallest change in bending of the limb joint during the stance period. Therefore, it seems logical that the evolution of biped locomotion behavior in humans involves a simple transition from relatively hard quadruped behavior of terrestrial ancestors to relatively hard bipedal locomotion of early humans . However, experimental studies of human and non-human primate movements have shown that the evolution of bipedalism involves a more complex series of transitions originating from a relatively subtle form of tetrapodism.

Insights into the evolution of human bipedal locomotion behavior from experimental studies of humans and other primates

The distance between plant debris and the food source is getting closer and farther. It leads to the evolution of human bipedal walking. These very successful early bipedal humans such as Ardipithecus ramidus and A. afarensis have a relatively small brain with a cranial volume of about 450 cm 3 compared to modern human beings over 1500 cm 3 It is. The development of the East African lifts pulverized the landscape and formed a number of independent lake basins. The mountain landscape makes these basins very sensitive to small changes in rainfall. Martin Trauth and colleagues at the University of Potsdam found geological evidence that deep sea freshwater lakes existed in 2.6 million years, 1.8 million years and 1 million years ago - an important date in the history of human evolution