Eutrophication

What is eutrophication? From the simplest point of view, eutrophication is a good thing. This happens when too much nutrients are accumulated in the water, thereby losing the established balance of organic matter production and consumption. Eutrophication occurs in ponds, lakes, rivers, and the sea. Initially, excess nutrients in the water will promote plant growth. However, this excess organic matter quickly exhausts most of the available oxygen in the water and keeps it away from other plants and animals.

Due to eutrophication of the Yamuna River, the water turned green. Eutrophication is an advantageous condition for plant development. An increase in the concentration of nutrients is a useful activity for eutrophication of plants because the greatest growth occurs in algae and phytoplankton. As a result, the water turns green. In order to protect the Ganges river from pollution, it is preferred that rivers accompanying it are not polluted. The Yamuna Action Plan was approved in April 1993 to keep Yamuna clean. It is estimated that the action plan will cost Rs. 51 billion. Various plans covering 21 cities, including Haryana State, Delhi State, Uttar Pradesh State, are being implemented to eliminate water pollution on the Yamuna River

Cultural eutrophication is the process of promoting nutrient eutrophication by human activity. Due to the logging of the land and the construction of the city, the outflow of the land is accelerated, more nutrients such as phosphate and nitrate are supplied to the lake and river, and then to the coastal estuaries and bays. In many countries, processing plants, golf courses, fertilizers, farms (including fish farms) and untreated sewage also provide additional nutrients. When the algae die, they decompose and the nutrients contained in the organic matter are converted into inorganic form by microorganisms. Oxygen is consumed in this decomposition process, and dissolved oxygen concentration decreases. In other words, depleted oxygen levels can lead to a variety of other factors that affect the death of fish and the reduction of biodiversity. Nutrients can concentrate in the hypoxic region and can only be used again during the fall or autumn turbulent state.