European Political Transformation

In Europe of the 21st century, like the United States, the concept of individual rights is commonplace. It is almost impossible to think about freedom of speech, voting rights and electoral exercise rights, it is not automatically becoming the majority. In most cases, these changes occurred from the middle of the 19th century to the latter half. Some philosophers, psychologists, and even scientists share their views through their work in this age.

Two important changes in the history of modern Europe - the economic transformation brought about by industrialization and the political change after the French Revolution. In modern technology, the newly built European countries started two world wars and formed the world's largest empire.

Rapid transformation from an independent party to a full party is a decisive factor in promoting its political control. Political scholar Otto Kirchheimer first believed that the transformation of Western European parties that began in the middle of the 20th century was caused by changes in strategy and ideology. Prior to World War II, he believed there were countless political parties with limited goals, such as "collective group" political parties that gathered specific classes and a single problem party. But before the war, especially during the postwar era, political leaders had a strategy to greatly improve the success of the elections. . This means making the party's political goal more ambitious, more restrictive and shallower. Kirchheimer insists on it

From the 1960s to the early 1970s, the Behavior Revolution changed the study of American politics and European politics. In the last 20 years, this approach has been expanded to the field of comparative political science by expanding empirical research and expanding behavioral methods. In the first and second generations there was little systematic evidence of political processes other than advanced industrial democracy, but our knowledge base expands rapidly and provides an unprecedented knowledge base on human condition did. In the early days of the behavioral revolution, the world changed when the public opinion survey of China (and other developing countries) became more common than the investigation of American citizens (p. 322).