Ethics of Human Enhancement

The development of technology is closely related to the conquest of the human Earth, but as the use of technology gets too far, the problem still exists. Medical progress has greatly improved average life expectancy and quality of private life. Medicine and biology steadily improve people by utilizing advanced genetic change. This ability raises the question of how to use this new technology. As humans continue to "strengthen" themselves with tools, the concept of human empowerment is very common.

There are many literature on human ethics (eg Savulescu & Bostrom 2009; Sandel 2007; Garreau 2005; Mehlman 2009), but there is little discussion in military situation (eg Moreno 2006; Wolfendale 2008). Literature on robot ethics is increasing, many of which are related to military use (eg Sharkey 2007; Asaro 2008; Sparrow 2007; Borenstein 2008). As mentioned earlier, the two "big picture" problems that the strengthening of military power and robotics engineering can produce are also related to other technologies. Both the unexpected ripple effect and (2) the possibility of deteriorating the culture of war may be proved to be the main objective of war, in contrast to peace.

With regard to human strengthening and robotics engineering, several questions have been raised regarding risks, policies, ethics, and philosophy. For example, what are the health risks of military personnel such as steroids, Ritalin, anthrax vaccines? (Allhoff et al., 2009). What is the security risk of autonomous and armed robots considering accidental death reports (Shachtman 2007) and deliberate unmanned aircraft to the US capital (Bumiller 2010)? How can a military robot be forced to rethink its policy such as "to focus on the target"? They need to be human eyes (Lin et al. 2008)? Should I agree with military improvement such as anthrax vaccine (Cummings 2002)? Are we becoming inferior to humans through some form of human strengthening, such as drugs that can eliminate emotions like fear (Presidential Bioethics Committee 2003).