Ethical Theories and Major Moral Principles

Some people claim that everyone has their own moral values. However, the amazing thing about ethical theory is not that there are so many theories, it is really few. Most of the modern ethical theory is dominated by two basic theories, the remaining five or six theories account for the majority of the rest of the discussion. On the next few pages I will explain the basics of eight different ethical theories such as Utilitarianism, Kant Ethics, Contractivism, Feminism or Nursing-based Ethics, Natural Law Theory, Confucian Ethics, Intuitionism. And the ideal observer theory, and virtue. ethics

There are two major ethical theories trying to identify and justify moral rules and principles. Utilitarianism and moral ethics. Utilitarianism (also known as resultualism) is a moral development and completion in the modern world among the works of Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) and John Stuart Miller (1806-1873). Theory There are several utilitarianisms. But fundamentally, the moral utilitarian approach means that ethical behavior (such as theft) or rules (eg, "keep your promise") are essentially true or false. Conversely, the correctness or erroneous nature of an act or rule is a problem of the overall unethical quality (eg, satisfaction of happiness, happiness, health, knowledge, or personal desire) arising as a result of an act or rule It is only. In short, according to Utilitarianism, morality is a matter of unethical quality created by moral behavior and regulation, moral responsibility is instrumental rather than internal.

The main differences in normative ethics are teleological ethics theory, moral ethics theory and relativistic ethical theory. Scopos theory places moral evaluation and principles on the (real or potential) outcome of action. On the other hand, moral theory focuses on moral responsibility and intention to motivate behavior in moral evaluation and principles. Relativity theory represents a more extreme stance that there is no universal or absolute moral principle.

Normative ethical relativism is a theory that claims that there is no universally valid ethical principle. Normative ethical relativism theory thinks that moral justification and behavioral mistakes are different from society to society, and universally universal ethical standards are not always binding on everything. The theory thinks that thinking about the basic principle of ethics (ethics) is all relative. Each culture establishes the basic values ​​and principles that form the basis of morality. The theory claims that this is always and always the case.