Essays by “The Free Republican,” 1784–1786

This is the first modern publication of the ten papers published in the famous Boston newspaper The Independent Chronicle.

These articles deal mainly with the mixed government issue of the Republic. Lincoln wrote that "the command of two completely different men seems to be a coincidence for every society", these "competing interests of two people" nurture the spirit of "hearing impaired and distrust" , It will always exist. Controversy. "A free Republican writes," The campaign parties have written their own for the wealthy people, the poor, the high, low, the elders and the people, the aristocrats and civilians, the nobles and the House of Representatives Whether you made a style "influence is the same. "

Lincoln sees this division of people directly related to property. "Power or the ability to rule others has once been related to property ... the glare of wealth and the glow of that blessing creates ..." Lincoln's solution is obvious: so we can not stop Let's regulate such evil. "The" minority "and" many people "profit should be in a bicameral parliament. In this embodiment, the management agency maintains a balance between the two parties. "Balance" and Lincoln wrote. "Suppose there are three things, two scales and a hand holding them."

Lincoln's article predicts John Adams' protection of any advances to the US constitution (1787). It is doubtful that Adams has read these articles, but since 1776 the Massachusetts educated elite has discussed the problem of organizing the government. Editors believe Lincoln's articles arise from the Massachusetts people's discussion of the bicameral parliamentary issue. Republic Publication of these articles may lead to a new evaluation of political thought of the foundation of the country

Philip C. Mead is a historian and curator of the American Revolution Museum in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Gordon S. Wood is an emeritus professor at Brown University Alba Way. He is the author of many works, including the Pulitzer Prize in History Award, the radicalism of the American Revolution (1992) that won the Ralph Waldo Emerson Award in 1993, and the Free Empire: the history of the early Republic, 1789. - 1815 (2009), 2009 American Publishers Association 's history and biographical awards, 2010 New York Historical Society American History Book Award, and 2010 Cincinnati History Award. In 2011 he won the National Humanities Science Award by President Obama and received the Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. Award from the American Historian Association.

Stuburn became a US citizen through the Pennsylvania Legislature in March 1784 (later founded by the New York authorities in July 1786). When the war was over, Stuben resigned and founded a special room for reconciliation with William North, a longtime partner, who became known as the Louvre museum in Manhattan. German reformist's excellent character and elders. It is a church. From 1785 to 1794, he served as chairman of the New York City German Association. This is a charity founded in 1784 to help German immigrants.

In 1784, at Stanwick Fort in New York, Americans negotiated a treaty with the chiefs of the Iroquois. The treaty gives the United States local land. But in 1786 the Iroquois denied treaties and denied those who said they were the chiefs. The Iroquois threatened to attack settlements, but nothing happened. The Iroquois sold their land to New York and the tribes lost their power and land. After a long battle, Americans have defeated indigenous tribes once powerful who once dominated the land.

In 1784, at a stanwick in New York State, a US diplomat negotiated a treaty with the Iroquois chiefs who called themselves as chockers in South Carolina State Hopewell from 1785 to 1786. Please do the same with Cherokee. The Iroquois stated in 1786 that this treaty was made by fraudsters and that they could launch attacks, but the United States insisted that they were dull and violated the treaty. By 1790, New York State reduced federal funds to distributed reserves by purchasing land from individual Iroquois countries.