Essay on the Carbon Cycle

Carbon is an essential element that can be recycled from an inorganic form to an organic form. It exists naturally as inorganic carbon dioxide and exists as a variety of organic substances in living and dead organisms. Cyclic conversions remain between the inorganic and organic forms (FIG. 33).

By decomposing organic matter by microorganisms and burning fuels such as coal and petroleum, carbon dioxide becomes available in the natural world and breathing of plants and animals becomes possible. Carbonate present in rocks and sediment also plays a role in this area

Inorganic CO 2 is converted to organic carbon by different kinds of autotrophs, ie photochromic nutrients and chemical nutrients. After carbon is fixed to the organic compound, it can migrate in heterotrophs. After that, decomposition of the organic compound in the soil occurred, carbon dioxide returned to the atmosphere.

Decomposition of organic matter proceeds under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. In the aerobic decomposition process, 60 to 90% of the organic residual carbon is used as an energy source for releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. However, under anaerobic conditions, about 95-98% carbon is released as methane (CH 4). Methane returns to nature again by oxidation as carbon dioxide

Bacteria such as bacteria including actinomycetes, and various groups of fungi such as zygomycetes, ascomycetes, basidiomycetes, uterus molds and the like play a major role in decomposition of organic matter in the soil.

When plants are in the aging stage, the cracking process begins and continues throughout the life cycle. Different kinds of microorganisms decompose at different decomposition levels. Most of the work in this field is done in fungi.

I. Major colonizers are weak parasites of sugar fungi and / or saprophytic bacteria, established in aging tissues Mucorales et al. It is a member of.

II. Secondary settlers grew up with dead tissues. In the first stage, members of Ascomycete sub-gate and its incomplete form break down cellulose. And at this stage, Sugar Bacteria will also become active. Finally, members of Basidiomycetes appear and decompose lignin

Cellulose is broken down into monosaccharides. Cellulolytic agents are composed of Ascomycqtina and Deuteromycotina and are represented by various species such as Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, Chaetomium, Trichoderma, Phoma, Cladosporium.

Fungi involved in hemicellisation are different genera such as Aspergillus, Penicillium, Kaetomium, Fusarium, Trichoderma, Gromelarea, Altarneria.

Microbial degradation of pectin substances is caused by pectinase produced by various microorganisms such as Aspergillus, Penicillium, Rhizoctonia, Rhizopus, Candida, etc.

It is the hardest chemical in the woody part of plants and is degraded by various Agaricales and Aphylloporales members under Basidiomycetes

In addition to fungi, aerobic (Bacillus and Pseudomon) and anaerobic (methanogenic) bacteria and actinomycetes are involved in decomposition of organic matter.

One of the important ways of natural circulation is by carbon cycle. Carbon cycle is the carbon cycle through the global environment. Carbon is an important component of many systems in the biosphere, functions as part of the Earth's thermostat, and is one of the important elements of photosynthesis, a carbohydrate produced by plants. One of the largest reservoirs of carbon is the atmosphere. And it is about 0.038% carbon dioxide. There are two ways to remove carbon from the atmosphere. The first is photosynthesis, plants absorb carbon dioxide, water, sunlight, produce energy sugars, and oxygen appears as a byproduct. Once inside a plant, carbon moves through the food chain, where food becomes a herbivore, carnivore, and eventually a nutrient including degradation products.

Carbon is the fourth abundant element in the universe and is the cornerstone of life on earth. On the earth, carbon circulates on land, in the sea and in the atmosphere, forming the so-called carbon cycle. This global carbon cycle can be further divided into two separate cycles. Geological carbon cycles occur for millions of years and biological or physical carbon cycles occur between several days to several thousand years. In non-living environments, carbon may exist as carbon dioxide (CO 2), carbonate, coal, oil, natural gas, and dead organic matter. Plants and algae convert carbon dioxide into organic matter by photosynthesis (light energy).