Environmental Factors in Autism

In the past 10 years, various genes are associated with autism and account for about 15% of cases with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; Abrahams and Geschwind, 2010). In this case, increasing numbers of ASDs may be due to rare genetic changes in heredity or inheritance, mutations and candidate genes are increasingly being discovered. In addition to some specific genes associated with autism, the current theory implies that multiple genes may be involved, and the possibility that individuals are more likely to be subject to autism It means that there is. Genetic factors may be the main cause of autism, but it is also obvious that genetic abnormalities do not completely explain all cases of autism. For example, California Autistic Twin Studies (CATS), 192 pairs of identical twin twins, 77% of male identical twins, and 50% of the same twin of women. The proportion of brothers twins was 31% (male) and 36% (female) (Hallmayer et al., 2011). The agreement rate of 31/36% of brothers twins was higher than the 3-14% match observed by brothers of different ages. Therefore, in addition to genetic heritability, general factors such as general prenatal environment may play a role in the formation of ASD. In addition, the increased morbidity of autism has raised concerns about the potential involvement of toxins in our environment. The theory of expansion of pure genetic causes is that in addition to the specific combination of genes associated with autism, exposure to certain environmental factors may be necessary for the development of certain autistic individuals It seems to be said that. However, environmental risk factors do not cover only toxin exposures, but include all changes other than DNA, such as pregnant women's nutrition, infection, pregnancy preterm birth, and parent's age at pregnancy.

This review emphasizes the role of environmental risk factors in autism in the context of new genetic research and it is likely that synapses are particularly susceptible to genetic injury and that they can be destroyed by the relevant environmental influences It is suggested that it is a certain organelle. In particular, recent data suggest that immune system abnormalities and changes in zinc homeostasis may affect synaptic transmission. Understanding how autistic genetic and environmental risk factors encountered at synapses may provide a valuable starting point for future studies revealing the etiology of autism not.

Autism is a developmental disorder diagnosed mostly from 3 to 14 months before (Landa, 2008). Nonetheless, autism is not within this time frame of development, it may exist from birth. Therefore, prenatal environmental factors have significant implications for the onset of autism (Table 11).

One way environmental factors may affect the risk of autism is to change the "epigenetic factor" - the proteins and other molecules that affect gene expression without changing the DNA sequence is. These factors important for normal brain development can react to various exposures in the environment, from endocrine disruptors to folic acid in the diet. Scientists hope to find ways to mitigate autistic disorders by identifying genes or gene profiles that enhance susceptibility to certain environmental exposures. But science has just begun, says Lisa Croen, director of autism research program at Kaiser Permanente Research. The way in which causes of autism and environmental factors interact with genetic and epigenetic factors to increase risk are still unsolved problems

This review emphasizes the role of environmental risk factors in autism in the context of new genetic research and it is likely that synapses are particularly susceptible to genetic injury and that they can be destroyed by the relevant environmental influences It is suggested that it is a certain organelle. In particular, recent data suggest that immune system abnormalities and changes in zinc homeostasis may affect synaptic transmission. Understanding how autistic genetic and environmental risk factors encountered at synapses may provide a valuable starting point for future studies revealing the etiology of autism not.

It is now clear that the vaccine is not an environmental factor causing autism. However, scientists understand how genetic and environmental influences interact and explain how these factors play a role in various symptoms of various autistic patients I am keen on.