End-Stage Renal Disease

Introduction The proportion of anemia in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) is higher than in the general population (1). In several studies it has been concluded that inflammatory markers are a prognostic for ESRD patients, one of which was targeted at 25,000 HD patients. In several other studies, elevated C-reactive protein levels are responsible for higher mortality in HD patients (3).

Morbidity and mortality of patients with end stage renal disease remain high and the medical, social and economic impact of this disease is widespread. Heart disease is the leading cause of death in patients with end stage renal disease (Macias, Steward, & Oreopoulos, 2008). Primary care physicians and kidney specialists are essential to comprehensive care from the initial stage. Disease management is a dynamic process and dialysis or kidney transplantation is the only cure for this condition, but there is a conservative cure. It refers to management without dialysis, including aggressive management of kidney disease to delay the deterioration of kidney function and minimize the complications of the disease. It also includes proactive management of symptoms, psychological care, social support, family support. This includes detailed communication with patients and families, and pre-care planning. (O'connor &, Corcoran, 2012)

African Americans have the highest incidence of end stage renal disease in the United States. Blacks with chronic kidney disease are at high risk of dying before end stage renal disease and end stage renal disease. In 2004, the adjustment of age and sex of end-of-black renal disease was 6 times higher than non-black age (Derose, Rutkowski, Levin, Liu, Shi, Jacobsen, and Crooks, 2009). The race differences in the incidence of terminal kidney disease seems to be due to several population differences, including complications that affect the risk of kidney disease, the type and severity of kidney disease, and the mortality rate of end stage renal disease I will. Differences in these populations may be due to more distant causes such as fluctuations in gene expression, exposure to the environment, health-related behaviors, access to and access to health care, response to treatment (Derose, Rutkowski, Levin, Liu, Shi, Jacobsen). , & Crooks, 2009)

Permanent damage of the kidney Occasionally acute renal failure can result in permanent loss of renal function or end stage renal disease. People suffering from terminal kidney disease need permanent dialysis (a mechanical filtration process to remove toxins and waste products from the body), or kidney transplantation to survive. Please pay attention to the label when taking OTC pain medication. Follow the instructions of OTC analgesics such as aspirin, acetaminophen (such as Tylenol), ibuprofen (such as Advil, Motrin IB), naproxen sodium (such as Aleve). Taking too many of these medicines can increase the risk of kidney damage. Especially for kidney disease, diabetes, hypertension