Encode Project Leads to Revolutionary Ideas in Genetics as Well as Contorversy

The ENCODE project brings unique insights that led to the number of molecular scale interactive genetics revolutionary ideas, but the scientific community has a big controversy over the outcome of these projects. The ENCODE project points out (ENCODE Project Alliance) "is a majority (80.4 percent) of the human genome associated with at least one biochemical RNA at least one cell type and / or chromatin related event. This statement asserts that the function of the human genome is the whole and the subject to be analyzed.

Therefore, studies involving other genomic related items (for example, human genetic mutation and DNA element of the International HapMap Encyclopaedia of Encyclopaedia, or the ENCODE project) are currently large-scale collaboration from many different countries Many institutions involved in the work, characterized by cooperation. The era of biological research is here. Yes. We are in the era of new discoveries that change human health. Our ultimate understanding of genome manipulation is likely to fundamentally change our understanding of the biological world. Future can learn It is difficult to predict what knowledge to apply and how to apply but understanding the genome completely improves the state of human beings in our health and in an important way There is no doubt that we will change the concept

After the human genome project, the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) in September 2003 launched an encyclopedia of DNA element (ENCODE) project. The purpose of ENCODE is to find all functional regions of the human genome, whether or not they form genes. Initiatives show that millions of these noncoding character arrays perform the necessary regulatory measures, such as turning genes on or off in different types of cells. However, scientists have determined that these regulatory sequences have important functions, but do not know what the function of each sequence is, and which genes each sequence affects. This is because the sequence is usually distant from its target gene - it may be far from millions of characters. In addition, many sequences have different roles in different types of cells.

Although the human genome has many different regulatory sequences, these regulatory sequences have shown that these sequences, which control gene expression essential for conservative estimates, accounted for 8% of the genome, but estimated The ENCODE project shown shows that 20 to 40 percent of the genome is a gene regulatory sequence. Certain types of noncoding DNA are genetic "switches" that do not encode proteins, but control the timing and location of gene expression (called enhancer). Regulation sequences are known since the late 1960s. The initial identification of regulatory sequences in the human genome is dependent on recombinant DNA technology. With the advent of genome sequencing, the identification of these sequences can be inferred by evolutionary conservation. For example, the evolutionary divergence between primates and mice occurred from 70 million years ago to 900 million years ago.