Employment, Education & Economic Change

Women account for almost half of the working population. They are the only or half family people in the United States who have children. They have a degree in a university or a graduate school rather than a man. But on average, women's income is much lower than that of men. In 2017, women are full-time, men's annual income per worker is only 80.5 cents, male-female wage disparity is 20%.

On average, women earn less income than men in almost all occupations, as both men and women have enough revenue data to calculate income ratios. In moderate occupations, workers mainly worked by women can obtain only 66% of the work mainly done by men. The IWPR report on gender discrimination and racial discrimination in the workplace shows that direct discrimination in salary, employment and promotion is still an important feature of work life.

IWPR tracks the gender wage disparity with a series of fact sheets updated twice a year. According to our survey, women will ultimately reach wages for 41 years, that is to say until 2059, if the changes remain as moderate as in the past 50 years. For colored women, the rate of change will be even slower.

The IWPR Women's Status Program in the U.S. tracks the intergenerational wage gap, race / ethnicity, age.

Reasons for gender wage disparity are multifaceted. According to the IWPR survey, regardless of the level of eligibility, the main job of the women is found to be lower than the average male work. Over the past few decades women have made substantial progress with jobs and career shifts made almost entirely by men but in the last two decades the integration of sex in work has made little progress. In some industries and occupations such as the construction industry, progress has not been seen in the past 40 years. This continuous occupational separation is a major reason why no significant progress has been made in reducing wage inequality.

Ongoing wage inequality can have widespread economic consequences. According to a regression analysis of federal data recently announced by IWPR, equal salary for equality labor will reduce poverty of working women and their families more than half and increase the national economy by $ 513.3 billion.

Since 1987, the IWPR 's research on gender wage disparity and occupational separation has changed the dialogue on women' s salary and advocated the necessary data to better policy - makers, journalists and women 's income discussions. information.

In the discussion with the National Economic Research Bureau on "Economic Impact of Artificial Intelligence", I looked at the top 20 employment categories in the United States and most of the work in most of these categories was eliminated, there is. Technology redistributes where people and spend their time and resources spend. There are abundant resources to continuously improve productivity and GDP, but income disparity will become bigger and bigger. Furthermore, with the first five to ten years of employment, the change is slow, almost imperceptible, it will take decades for the actual number of affected work to change exponentially. However, if the current 5% work is affected, it will be inevitable in the future.

Abstract: We investigated the impact of automation over the next ten years on employment, both at the macro level and the actual (type) sector. So far, we have combined the evolutionary economic model of multi-sector structural change with the theory of labor economics. Therefore, we have a comprehensive framework on how to compensate for unemployed in the application sector, especially through the sectoral and sectoral offset effects of new labor-intensive sectors. To make professional forecasts on the employment situation of occupations affected by automation (in particular the introduction of robotics and artificial intelligence), using several famous data sets, which sectors and occupations are changing to employment change We will judge whether we are facing. This clarifies how potential employment losses caused by automation of the "application" sector are offset by employment creation in the "manufacturing" sector and creation of spillover in the fourth sector with supplements .