Elements of Effective Communication- Chapter 3 (Understanding Verbal Messages)

Ethnicity, ethnicity, nationality. Avoid using words that do not trust members of ethnic groups and ethnic groups, be careful not to over-emphasize race or ethnic group, or point to "adjectives" like "Oriental students in my class" Please give me.

It is religion. See stereotypes related to religious beliefs, such as Jewish, Muslim, denial of fundamentalist Christian

When using gender, especially pronoun, use your language to include men and women, avoid male generic pronouns and exclude male related terms from women.

Sexual orientation Be cautious about heterosexual possibilities in your language - assuming that everyone is heterosexual or heterosexual is the only possible direction. Eliminate homosexuals and reduce homosexuality and stereotypes among homosexuals, bisexuals, and transgender

Avoid avoiding excessive attention to the age of those taking oral oral communication. In particular, please be careful not to mark the elderly or to make it stereotyped, or to give young people subdued or celebrate.

Reference for monitoring socio-economic differences such as the difference between class blue-collar workers and white-collar workers

Ability to avoid oral communication, to remind physical, mental, or learning abilities

Show yourself as equal, not excellent. Avoid acting like a man of ignorance. Since you can create defense in any way, please do not try talking about the audience's mind or submitting to them.

Physical barriers to nonverbal communication If you can not see nonverbal cues, gestures, gestures, and general body language, communication efficiency may decline. Technology-dependent phones, text messages, and other communication methods are often less effective than face-to-face communication. Cultural differences The norms of social interaction in different cultures are very different, and the way emotions are expressed is different. For example, the concept of personal space depends on culture and social environment. For details, please see the cross-cultural correspondence page.

Nonverbal communication varies greatly depending on the cultural context. People have to spend time studying various cultures to fully understand the message of communication. Many aspects of nonverbal communication, such as gestures, expressions, interpersonal spaces, affect how messages are interpreted. Distance between high power and low power: Power distance is the degree of equal or inequality among people of a particular society. The shorter the power distance of the country, the more personal and individual rights become dominant. When the power distance is short, society does not emphasize people's status, power or wealth. In other words, an individualist culture has a low power distance and a collectivist culture has a high power distance. Examples of countries with long power distances are Malaysia, Russia, Romania, and countries with short power distances are Austria, Israel, and Denmark.

Interaction: Nonverbal elements are not important. Language information is clear and communication is seen as a way to exchange information, ideas and opinions. Discrepancies are non-personal and focus is on a reasonable (non-personal) solution. Individuals can clearly point out the annoying behavior of others. Forbes contributor Carol Kinsey Goman said that cultural differences are shaping every aspect of global communication. This will help explain why Japan (high-context culture) likes to face electronic technology preferred by other developed countries (low-context culture) such as America, Canada, England, Germany.