Electrodeposition of bismuth onto glassy carbon electrodes from nitrate solutions

Electrodeposition of ruthenium on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) in nitrate solution was examined by cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and scanning electron microscopy. The cyclic voltammogram shows the intersection between the cathode and the anode branch, which is a feature of deuteron formation on the GCE. Tantalum deposition on GCE is diffusion controlled reaction. According to the Scharifker-Hills model, Scharifker's equation and Heerman-Tarallo equation are used to analyze the current transients of tantalum electrodeposition. In the case of 1 and 5 mM Bi 3+, the nucleation and growth mechanism is independent of the precipitation potential and follows a three-dimensional (3D) progressive nucleation and growth model. However, in the case of Bi 3+ at 10 and 20 mM, deposition voltage dependence of nucleation and growth mechanism can be found. Quantitative analysis of the two equations shows that A and N 0 increase exponentially as deposition potential increases, while D decays in exponential mode. Note that these two expressions produce very close values ​​of N 0 and D, and different values ​​of A (especially for -300 and -350 mV). However, the critical dimension (Nc) of the kernel estimated using these two expressions is zero. In this study both expressions can be used to describe the electrodeposition of germanium on the GCE. SEM images show that high deposition potential and high concentration can increase the nuclear density of ruthenium on GCE, which promotes the formation of small crystallites with a less defined structure.

In this paper, the kinetics and mechanism of cathodic electrodeposition on glassy carbon (GC) and carbon electrode were studied by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. As the electrolytic solution, a degassed nitrate solution c (HNO 3) = 0.5 mol · dm -3 with Bi 3+ concentration (concentration within the range of 20 mM to 0.5 mM) was used. Experiments were conducted with AUTOLAB pgstat 302n controlled by a PC in a standard three-electrode cell at a temperature of 25 ° C using a platinum electrode as a counter electrode and a saturated calomel electrode (SCE) as a reference electrode.

Electrodeposition of ruthenium on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) in nitrate solution was examined by cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and scanning electron microscopy. The cyclic voltammogram shows the intersection between the cathode and the anode branch, which is a feature of deuteron formation on the GCE. Tantalum deposition on GCE is diffusion controlled reaction. According to the Scharifker-Hills model, Scharifker's equation and Heerman-Tarallo equation are used to analyze the current transients of tantalum electrodeposition. In the case of 1 and 5 mM Bi 3+, the nucleation and growth mechanism is independent of the precipitation potential and follows a three-dimensional (3D) progressive nucleation and growth model. However, in the case of Bi 3+ at 10 and 20 mM, deposition voltage dependence of nucleation and growth mechanism can be found. However, the critical dimension (Nc) of the kernel estimated using these two expressions is zero.

Electrodeposition of Bi from acidic nitrate solution was investigated. Based on the integration of precipitation and dissolution voltammetry, it is determined that ruthenium precipitation is quasi-reversible on Au with 100% efficiency. In Bi and Au, no interference of nitrate reduction was observed, and nitrate reduction occurred on the W and Cu electrodes. Analysis of the current-time transient clearly shows that the nucleation on Au is constant. Field emission SEM shows a nodular deposit with moderate surface roughness. The size of tuberculosis ranges from 1 to 5 microns depending on the deposition ability and the thickness of the sediment. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of all sediments is directed to diamond ◇. At high deposition excess potential, the deposit has a fairly strong (0 12) crystal structure.