Electrodeposition of bismuth from nitric acid electrolyte

Electrodeposition of Bi from acidic nitrate solution was investigated. Based on the integration of precipitation and dissolution voltammetry, it is determined that ruthenium precipitation is quasi-reversible on Au with a current efficiency of 100%. No disturbance of nitrate reduction was observed on Bi and Au, and nitrate reduction occurred on the W and Cu electrodes. Analysis of current-time transients clearly shows that nucleation on Au is transient. Field emission SEM shows a nodular deposit with moderate surface roughness. The size of tuberculosis varies between 1 and 5 μm depending on the deposition potential and the thickness of the deposit. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of all sediments is directed to diamond ◇. At high deposition overvoltage, the deposit shows a fairly strong (012) crystal structure

Electrochemical reduction of Bi 3+ on Au was investigated using hick cyclic voltammetry (CV) from nitric acid electrolyte, chronoamperometry and electrochemical quartz crystal nanobalance (EQNB). The surface morphology and crystal structure of ruthenium electrodeposited on gold and copper substrates were characterized by X - ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE - SEM). Various electrode materials are used for voltammetry. Xamination It is a polycrystalline gold rod with a diameter of 5 mm, a length of 6 cm, a u film with a thickness of 250 nm deposited on a borosilicate substrate with a diameter of 0.8 mm and a length of 0 cm. A gold cross section with a diameter of 0 mm is sealed with an epoxy resin and has a cross section with a diameter of 0.8 mm.

In this paper, the kinetics and mechanism of cathodic electrodeposition on glassy carbon (GC) and carbon electrode were studied by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. As the electrolytic solution, a degassed nitrate solution c (HNO 3) = 0.5 mol · dm -3 with Bi 3+ concentration (concentration within the range of 20 mM to 0.5 mM) was used. Experiments were conducted with AUTOLAB pgstat 302n controlled by a PC in a standard three-electrode cell at a temperature of 25 ° C using a platinum electrode as a counter electrode and a saturated calomel electrode (SCE) as a reference electrode.

Electrodeposition of ruthenium on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) in nitrate solution was examined by cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and scanning electron microscopy. The cyclic voltammogram shows the intersection between the cathode and the anode branch, which is a feature of deuteron formation on the GCE. Tantalum deposition on GCE is diffusion controlled reaction. According to the Scharifker-Hills model, Scharifker's equation and Heerman-Tarallo equation are used to analyze the current transients of tantalum electrodeposition. In the case of 1 and 5 mM Bi 3+, the nucleation and growth mechanism is independent of the precipitation potential and follows a three-dimensional (3D) progressive nucleation and growth model. However, in the case of Bi 3+ at 10 and 20 mM, deposition voltage dependence of nucleation and growth mechanism can be found. However, the critical dimension (Nc) of the kernel estimated using these two expressions is zero.