Egyptian civilization - Writing - Hieroglyphs

The word hieroglyphics literally means "holy sculpture". Egyptians first used the hieroglyphs for the inscriptions or drawings of the walls of the temple. Pattern writing in this form is also used for tombs, papyrus, planks washed with plaster, pottery, limestone fragments.

Hieroglyph is the original way of writing, all other ways of writing evolved from this way of writing. Two of the new forms are called sacred and democratic. Hieratic is a simplified form of hieroglyphics for administrative and commercial purposes, as well as literary, scientific and religious textbooks. The Greek word "Demotic" meaning "popular script" is often used for the daily needs of society. In the third century AD, the notation of hieroglyphs was replaced by Coptic, which is one of the Greek notations. The last hieroglyph is written in the Temple of Philae in 450 AD. In the Middle Ages Egyptian was replaced by Arabic

Egyptian hieroglyphs were not decoded until the 19th century. Several people are trying to decrypt passwords when the brilliant young Frenchman Jean-François Champollion discovers the secret of this ancient article. The statute issued in Memphis, Egypt on March 27, 196. Hieroglyphics, democracy, three letters of Greek are engraved. After Thomas Young read the democratic text, in 822 Champollion used this information to break the hieroglyphic character code. In 1828, he published the famous "Précis" and showed the first real progress in reading hieroglyphs.

Hieroglyphs are written in columns or horizontal lines. They are usually read from right to left and from top to bottom. Sometimes the script reads from left to right. The reader can determine the direction by observing animals and characters - they are heading to the beginning of the text. For example, if the graphic is pointing to the right, the text reads from right to left.

Words and names written in hieroglyphs are considered to have magical powers. For this reason, the text of the funeral and the name of the dead are written on the coffin and the wall of the grave. This means that the gods hear prayers and individuals are protected from harm. A name written in hieroglyphic embodies a person's identity. Once it is destroyed, this person's identity will be lost as he or she will live by means of future generations. For example, the names of Pharaohs such as Tutankhamen and Queen Hatshepsut were removed from their temples wall by their heirs.

Egyptian hieroglyphics are one of the writing systems that ancient Egyptians use to express their language. Herodotus and other important Greeks believed that the Egyptian hieroglyphs were sacred because of their elegant patterns, so call them "sacred words". Therefore, the word "hieroglyphics" comes from the "writing" of Greek "hero" and "glyph". In ancient Egyptian language, the hieroglyph is called medu netjer, "god". People think that writing is an invention of God.

Archaeological findings suggest that Egyptian hieroglyphs are probably the oldest writing style. The earliest evidence of Egyptian hieroglyphics was thought to be in 3, 300 BC or 3,200 BC, and the Egyptians used hieroglyphs for the next 3 500 years. They were most common between Egyptians and Central Egyptians who wrote and wrote the ancient Egyptians (3000 BC - 2200 BC) in 1700 BC (BC 2200 BC to 1300 BC). A small portion of the Egyptian population, mainly royalty, pastor, civilian authority, use hieroglyphs. It is difficult to learn and create time. In the People's Republic of China, Mesopotamia and American ancient culture used similar writing systems, but these systems were unrelated to Egyptian hieroglyphs.

Hieroglyphs (Greek 's "scripture") is a feature of the character system of ancient Egypt. Graphic text in the form of hieroglyphics is a form that is reminiscent of ancient Egyptian letters and is also called "Emoji". Especially in the neo-platonism of the Renaissance era, "hieroglyphics" is an artistic expression of mysticism and neoprene tonics is a true Egyptian hieroglyph. The word hieroglyphs refers to hieroglyphs. It is only educated people (ie Pharaohs, nobles, and clergy) who can read and write hieroglyphics; others use simpler "congruent" versions.