Egypt under Mubarak

Egypt plays a very important role as one of the major countries in the Middle East. Because the power of Egypt in the Arab world arises from the power of its cultural life it is very difficult to ignore. The book "Egypt under Mubarak" contains articles by seven different authors who are investigating many causes and consequences of the crisis facing Egypt. Mubarak acquired the political, social and economic problems of Egypt left by Sadat and Nasser.

Background analysis of this situation shows that Egypt under Mubarak is facing a disaster. The administration promoted breakthroughs of citizens by rejecting expression, oppression, abuse of power, corruption and wealth inequality. This coupled with the bad economic situation in Egypt became a factor in the protest action in the beginning of 2011 and concluded with the collapse of Mubarak. As the background of the Egyptian revolution in 2011 became clear, this paper continues to deeply study the revolution, and we can continue to evaluate whether the theory of rationalism and reflection international relations can apply to this purpose.

As a major cash-based economy, Egypt has a long history of economic activity and companies and workers are not regulated and protected by the state. After the revolution in 2011, President Hosni Mubarak was forced to resign and as the country weakened, the informal economy prospered. While it is difficult to measure the precise size of the informal economy, economists think that this sector accounts for the majority of the Egyptian economy. According to the report released by Egyptian Economic Research Center in 2014, the size of the informal sector accounts for 65-70% of the economy as a whole, ie EGP 1.2 - 1.5 trn

During the President of Gamal Abdel Nasser, the Egyptian economy was highly concentrated, becoming more market-oriented under the rule of Anwar Sadat and Mubarak. From 2004 to 2008, the Mubarak government introduced economic reforms to attract foreign investment, increase domestic gross output, and then postponed further reforms due to the Great Depression. In 2009, due to the global economic downturn, Egypt's GDP growth rate fell to 4.5%. In 2010, analysts said Prime Minister Ahmad Nachif's government needed to resume economic reform to attract foreign investment, increase economic growth and improve economic situation. Despite the rapid growth of the domestic economy in recent years, the living environment of the general Egyptians is relatively poor (although it is better than other African countries without major social unrest).