Effects of Ammonia on Broiler Houses and Methods of Control

The influence and management method of ammonia may be a big problem for broiler producers if not properly managed. Ammonia (NH 3) is a kind of nitrogen that can cause not only animal and human health, but also odors that affect air and water quality (1). Ammonia is a colorless irritating gas produced by the excretion of animals through the action of microorganisms. By using money to manage ammonia in the house, farmers can earn more money and gain more profit. Many farmers will tell you that the ammonia content is very low, but the fact is that the ammonia does not smell until ammonia reaches 20 PPM; however, the human nose is accustomed to smell.

The greatest use of nitrogen is the production of ammonia (NH 3). In a method called the harbor method, a large amount of nitrogen and hydrogen combine to produce ammonia. After that, we produce fertilizer and explosives using a large amount of ammonia and produce nitric acid (HNO 3) by a method called the Ostwald method. Nitrogen is largely inactive and is used as a protective shield in the semiconductor industry and during certain welding and soldering operations. Oil companies use high pressure nitrogen to help push the crude oil to the surface. Liquid nitrogen is an inexpensive cryogenic liquid used to freeze and preserve biological samples and cryogenic science experiments. The Frostbite Theater of Jefferson Labs has videos of many basic liquid nitrogen experiments such as the following.

Haber developed an ammonia synthesis method using nitrogen in the atmosphere in 1909, developed conditions for large-scale ammonia synthesis, delivered the process to Carl Bosch, and carried out industrial development (1). The reaction is a simple equilibrium reaction occurring in the gaseous state as follows; from the reaction it is necessary to refer to the principle of Le Chatlier in predicting how to obtain the best yield. This suggests that for equilibrium reactions, equilibrium acts in the opposite direction to the conditions imposed on it. The most relevant conditions for the above reaction are temperature and pressure.

As early as 1908, the harbor found a way to make ammonia in the laboratory for use as fertilizer. This is a very important finding. Fertilizer significantly increases the yield of crops but by that time ammonia can only be harvested from limited natural sources such as bird feces. Harbor is scheduled to receive the Nobel laureate chemosynthesis chemistry prize in 1918 and is still considered the most important innovation in the 20th century. It helps save billions of people from starvation and helps to feed about half of the world's population today.

Demand for nitrates and ammonia used as fertilizer and industrial raw materials throughout the 19th century is steadily increasing. The main cause is the mining of nitrate ore deposits. At the beginning of the 20th century, it was predicted that these reserves could not meet future needs, so it was more important to study new potential ammonia sources. The obvious source is nitrogen in the atmosphere (N 2), which contains nearly 80% of air, but N 2 is very stable and does not readily react with other chemicals. Converting N2 to ammonia is a challenge for global scientists