Effective Natural Resource Management

Effective natural resource management becomes increasingly important as human interaction and destruction of resource use increase. I will study two natural resource models currently used in the world. These two types of systems are the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 14001 Environmental Management System (EMS) and Integrated Adaptive Management (IAM). After comparing and comparing the two resource models, we show a practical example of how to use both management systems.

Effective resource management needs to balance the interests of rights and property rights. After failing to effectively concentrate management of natural resource systems, many governments are implementing decentralization and outreach programs to transfer resource management responsibilities to local governments and user communities. Unfortunately, when a decentralization plan transfers rights to a user group or municipality, the agency becomes a gatekeeper that determines the individual's rights to resources. Effective statements in these organizations are essential to exercise decision-making power on resources. This situation is particularly problematic for women if formal rules limit the membership of "head of householders" or if social norms that women become unacceptable in the public are limited.

Managing natural resources involves identifying who can access the resource and who does not identify the boundaries of that resource. Resources are managed by users based on the rules governing when and how resources are used depending on the local situation. "... Success in the management of natural resources depends on active freedom of expression, active and widely published discussions through several independent media channels, and active civil society in natural resource issues ..." Individuals shared by rules can participate in setting or changing them. Users have the right to design their own management agencies and programs with government approval. Resource rights include land, water, fishery and pastoral rights

Implementing effective management of natural resources or controlling contamination is an important part of the exercise of property rights. The older the owner is physically or mentally away from the resource, the less likely it is to exercise ownership. This is one of the reasons for disadvantages of property ownership. The literature on the relative advantages of joint ownership as a cost-effective alternative to managing environmental resources only recently appeared. We can not explain how indigenous peoples could sustainably use certain natural resources and refute the assumption that privatization or national control is the only possibility to manage common property resources ( Ostrom 1990)