Down Syndrome

Triploid of chromosome 21 in Down syndrome caused 21 trisomy. The simplified gene contains the blueprint of our cell structure, which is called the rod structure of the chromosome. Typically, the nucleus of each cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes, half of which are inherited from each parent. However, in Down's syndrome (DS), cells usually do not contain 46 chromosomes, but contain 47 chromosomes. This excess genetic material along the shape of the additional genes on chromosome 21 leads to DS.

Down syndrome is an increasingly common disease in the United States. This is an inherited disorder caused by extra chromosome 21. One in 800 births is Down Syndrome (National Down Syndrome Association). Down syndrome is the most common form of identifiable delay (Ludman and Wynbrandt, p. 23) and genetic disease (National Down Syndrome Association). Down syndrome was initially thought to be a disease by John Langdon Down in 1866 and is called "father" of Down Syndrome with the same name as Down. The original name of Down's syndrome was "a fool of Mongolia" due to the inclination of the eyes and a flat face (National Down Syndrome Association). He believes this is a counterattack against Mongolian ancestors, but that word is now considered outdated and aggressive. But centuries ago, the characteristics of Down's syndrome were discovered in art, literature and science (National Down Syndrome Association).

Down Syndrome, formerly known as the "Mongolian", is characterized by the characteristics of a person with Down's syndrome that resembles Mongolian Asians. Down syndrome occurs to about 1 in about 800 newborns around the world. When a person inherits all or part of an extra copy of chromosome 21, it causes Down's syndrome. For unknown reasons, this can happen in various ways. The most common chromosomal abnormalities that cause Down's syndrome (about 95% of all cases) are trisomy 21, a defect in which there is an additional third copy of chromosome 21 in all cells in the body. 21 The risk of trisomy is directly related to the age of the mother. For an 18-year-old mother, the number of births of Down's syndrome is relatively small, and about 2 out of 2,100 newborns are born. In the late birth, the risk has increased significantly - from the birth of 1000 people of a 30 year old woman to one of 100 women of a 40 year old woman