Dormancy in Plants

Dormancy is the strategy that higher plants survive under adverse conditions by interrupting growth and development that may occur in various organs such as seeds and sprouts. Dormancy is controlled by genetic and environmental factors, and most of our knowledge on regulation is obtained by studying seeds. Seed dormancy is an important adaptive feature of wild plants and it is in negative selection during cultivation. Abscisic acid of plant hormones has been shown to play an important role in establishing and maintaining the dormancy state, but gibberellin promotes germination. Other regulators include reactive oxygen species and epigenetic modifications. Significant differences in seed dormancy are found within species and identification of potential genes reveals several novel genes that specifically regulate dormancy

Key words: adaptation; after aging; delayed germination 1; domestication; dormancy; dormant; environment; epigenetic factor;

Seed is the cause of plant propagation. Dormancy provides opportunities for plants to regulate the growth cycle. When dormant, the plants are suspended and benefit from seasonal and accidental environmental changes. Dormant seeds can survive for a considerable period of time. It was found that Nelumbo nucifera excavated from ruins with a history of more than 1000 years is feasible (Weir et al., 1982). In some species, the dormancy characteristics of the seeds during the same harvest are different. The timing of germination is dispersed over several months or years and the possibility of some seeds surviving increases. Other seeds show secondary dormancy. If the conditions are good, these seeds will germinate easily when they fall. However, if that condition is not favorable, secondary dormancy is induced. Studies of diapause by plant physiologists provide valuable knowledge on the mechanism of seed dormancy germination

Not all seeds experience dormancy periods. Some of the seeds of mangroves are lively, and they start to germinate while they are still attached to their parents. Large and heavy roots can penetrate underground as the seeds fall. Although their wild ancestors may be dormant, these cultivated plants lack it, but the plant seeds of many gardens tend to germinate and become warm enough when it becomes water. Sleeping was selected after selective pressure for generations from plant breeders and gardeners.

Drought tolerance (or dry dormancy) is the ability of a plant to resist drying without dying. Such plants often drop leaves during drought and enter a deep dormancy state. Since most of the loss of moisture is due to transpiration of the leaf surface, the leaves keep moisture in the stem. Normally plants that do not shed leaves have those that have been coated with a resin coating to retard the loss of water (eg creosote shrubs). Drought-resistant shrubs and trees have broad roots and cover up to twice the diameter of the canopy compared to humid climate plants. They use soils deeper than the roots of succulents; sometimes they have extended to extreme depths (eg Mesquite). However, the roots of most Mesquite bushes are within 3 feet (0.9 m) from the surface.