Does Hydraulic Fracturing Cause Seismic Activity?

In the United States there are many proven natural gas reserves that can be a major source of domestic energy futures (1). As a result of the advancement of hydraulic crushing technology, the use of natural gas resources becomes feasible and inexpensive, these technologies increase the extraction volume and make "the shale layer natural gas more accessible" (2). Although hydraulic crushing and shale crushing have positive advantages such as economic growth and mining of natural gas cleaner than coal and oil, it has been found that the recent seismic activity in the area that caused severe environmental problems, There is a possibility that it may cause.

The increase in seismic activity after hydrostatic fracture along dormant or unknown faults is attributable to the formation of deep implants of hydraulic fracture recirculation (by-products of hydraulic fracturing wells) and stratified brines (cracked and non-crushed oil and gas byproducts) Sometimes it is caused by the cause. For these reasons, hydraulic crushing is subject to international supervision, limited in some countries, and completely banned in other countries. The EU is drafting rules enabling the application of hydraulic crushing regulations

Large scale hydraulic fracture (also known as large scale hydraulic fracturing) was first introduced by Pan American Petroleum in 1968 in Stevens County, Oklahoma, USA. The definition of large hydraulic crushing varies, but generally refers to the treatment of more than 150 short tons, or the injection of about 300,000 pounds (136 tons) of propant. American geologists increasingly recognize that gas permeability is too low (usually less than 0.1 mildarl) gas saturated sandstones to recover natural gas economically. Since 1973, massive hydraulic fracturing has been used in thousands of gas wells in the San Juan Basin, the Denver Basin, the Pisease Basin, the Green River Basin, and other hard rock formations in the western United States.

One reason the EGS considered it carefully is that it may cause seismic activity for hot dry rock drilling and development. This risk is similar to the dangers associated with hydrostatic crushing, the increasing drilling methods of oil and gas, and the risk of capturing and storing carbon dioxide into the deep saline aquifer. Despite potentially serious problems, EGS-related seismic events that may be felt or severely damaged to the project if the project is at the appropriate distance from the main fault and monitored appropriately Risk of causing is currently very low. Appropriate site selection during and after construction, evaluation and monitoring of rock breaking and seismic activity, and open and transparent communications with the community are also important.